Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a model to determine an optimal routing plan for a fleet of homogeneous vehicles to serve a set customer which some operational constraints are satisfied. In most practical distribution problems, customer demands are served using heterogeneous fleet of vehicles. This kind of VRP is called Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem (HVRP). HVRP has evolved into a rich research area because of its practical. There were many studies of rich extensions of the standar HVRP. This research aims to enrich the extentions of HVRP which is motivated by real case in one of pharmacy distribution company in Indonesia which is delivered multi-products to its 55 customers by allowing some vehicles which has small capacity to perform multi-trips. This problem is called Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem with Multi-Trips and Multi-Products (HVRPMTMP).The mixed integer linear programming is developed based on four-index vehicle flow formulation. The model can be used generally in the same context of distribution problem. HVRPMTMP is generally NP-Hard problem, so the computational time using branch and bound in LINGO 16.0 is increasing exponentially by increasing the number of customers. Genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the real case. The result of the proposed GA can reduce the total cost from Rp 352540.6,- to Rp 180555,- or 48.78% from the current company policy.

<p><em>This research develop a model of blood mobile collection using blood donor vehicle efficiently by determining the optimal route of blood collection to the points of blood collection. The model developed in the form of mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) and this model is called Blood Mobile Collection Routing Problem (BMCRP). The purpose of this model is to minimize the total distance of the blood collection routing process in which each place of blood collection has the opening hours and the closing time (time windows) and the service time in each place. This study considers the blood age (spoilage time) for 6 hours to ensure blood quality. The mathematical model is then verified to determine whether the solution is in accordance with the characteristics of BMCRP. Verification is done by solving Blood Mobile Collection Routing small cases. The simulation of solving BMCRP is done by generating eight hypothetical data sets of small cases based on vehicle routing data problems with different characteristics. Verification of BMCRP uses LINGO software. From the simulation results, the BMCRP model can obtain optimal solutions with minimum total distance travelled and </em><em>does not violate any constraints on BMCRP.</em><em></em></p>

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PT. Pratamaeka Bigco Indonesia merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang perancangan alat material handling. Perusahaan ini memproduksi sendiri komponen utama dari alat material handling berupa pipe dan joint. Permasalahan yang kerap kali terjadi adalah produksi joint tidak mencapai target produksi. Salah satu penyebab tidak tercapainya target produksi adalah waktu setup yang cukup lama. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan perbaikan dengan menggunakan metode Single Minute Exchange Dies (SMED). Usulan perbaikan yang diberikan kepada perusahaan adalah penggunaan stopper dan trolley. Selain itu, diusulkan juga untuk melakukan pergantian material ketika mesin 150T sedang beroperasi. Dalam menerapkan usulan-usulan tersebut, diperlukan perubahan layout pabrik dan implementasi 5S untuk menata tempat kerja. Dilakukan juga standarisasi proses kerja dengan menggunakan prinsip SOP dan visual display. Estimasi penurunan waktu setup dari hasil usulan perbaikan untuk mesin 150T, 110T dan 45T secara berturut-turut adalah 965 detik, 396 detik dan 216 detik. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan, target produksi belum juga dapat terpenuhi. Oleh karena itu, disarankan kepada perusahaan untuk menambah satu orang operator untuk mengoperasikan mesin.

<p>The meaning of eating is often reduced to concern objects or properties. Food is quite often understood as merely nutritive materials to fulfill the biological needs in order to survive or to satisfy human psychological desire. From this perspective, eating is tragically seen as killing for living. Eating thus becomes a consumptive and exploitative action. Nevertheless, eating can be a more productive act if food is not only construed as object or property, but as human strategy or means to construct relationships in social life. Inspired by Foucault, this paper shows that the meaning of food ought to be extended from the nutritive intrinsic aspects toward the political or cultural aspects; that is, food as a means to construct subject. In a sense, food governs or normalizes people in their social life. Therefore, food and eating give rise to knowledge, value order, behavioral patterns, lifestyles, or beliefs: they become the creative and transformative energy of the civilization.</p>