To analyze the occurrence of intraoperative complications during sinus floor elevation with a lateral approach and their correlations with the technique adopted by surgeons. Materials and Methods: Electronic and manual searches resulted in 4,417 records on sinus floor elevation. Twenty-one randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 11 prospective controlled clinical trials (CCTs) reporting occurrence of intraoperative complications were included. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane tool and a modified Downs and Black quality analysis for RCTs and CCTs, respectively. Results: Sinus membrane perforation and hemorrhagic events following vascular lesions were the only intraoperative complications reported by the selected studies with overall occurrences of 15.7% and 0.4%, respectively. Three different surgical devices (rotary instruments, piezoelectric osteotomes, and manual bone scrapers) were used to perform the lateral antrostomy. Ultrasonic devices and bone scrapers showed a lower incidence (10.9% and 6.0%, respectively) of membrane perforation compared with that of rotary instruments (20.1%). Among the different ultrasonic procedures, erosion of the lateral antral wall showed the lowest membrane perforations (4.7% incidence). Hemorrhagic complications seemed to be extremely infrequent with any surgical technique. Conclusion: Sinus membrane perforation was the most frequently described intraoperative complication during sinus floor elevation with a lateral approach. Thinning the lateral wall of the sinus before performing the antrostomy (either with ultrasonic devices or manual bone scrapers) seemed to be an important factor in preventing membrane perforation during sinus surgery. Further high-quality RCTs specifically investigating intraoperative complication occurrence are needed.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this review was to evaluate whether history of periodontitis and smoking habits could represent a risk factor for peri-implantitis and implant loss.Material and MethodsThis systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered at the PROSPERO database [registration numbers CRD42016034160 (effect of history of periodontitis) and CRD42016033676 (effect of smoking)]. Broad electronic (MEDLINE) and manual searches were conducted among articles published from January 1st 1990 up to December 31st 2015, resulting in 49332 records for history of periodontitis and 3199 for smoking habits. Selection criteria included prospective studies comparing two cohorts of patients, with and without the investigated risk factor, with a minimum follow-up period of three years, and reporting data on peri-implantitis and implant loss occurrence. Considering that only prospective studies were included, dichotomous data were expressed as risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThree studies evaluating history of periodontitis (on which quantitative analysis was performed) and one study on smoking effect were included. Both implant and patient-based meta-analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of developing peri-implantitis in patients with a history of periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy subjects, but not a statistically significant increased risk for implant loss.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this systematic review indicate history of periodontitis as a possible risk factor for peri-implantitis, while insufficient data are present in literature to evaluate the role of smoking. However, available evidence is still weak and immature, and sound epidemiological studies are needed to analyse the specific contribution of these potential risk factors.

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IntroductionThe task of Group 1 was to review and update the existing data concerning aetiology, risk factors and pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. Previous history of periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, smoking and presence of general diseases have been considered among the aetiological risk factors for the onset of peri-implant pathologies, while late dental implant failures are commonly associated with peri-implantitis and/or with the application of incorrect biomechanical forces. Special interest was paid to the bone cells dynamics as part of the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis.Material and MethodsThe main areas indagated by this group were as follows: influence of smoking, history of periodontitis and general diseases on peri-implantitis development, bio-mechanics of implant loading and its influence on peri-implant bone and cellular dynamics related to the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. The systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses were registered in PROSPERO, an international prospective register of systematic reviews: . The literature in the corresponding areas of interest was screened and reported following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) Statement: . Method of preparation of the systematic reviews, based on comprehensive search strategies, was discussed and standardized. The summary of the materials and methods employed by the authors in preparing the systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses is presented in Preface chapter.ResultsThe results and conclusions of the review process are presented in the respective papers. One systematic review with meta-analysis, three systematic reviews and one theoretical analysis were performed. The group′s general commentaries, consensus statements, clinical recommendations and implications for research are presented in this article.