Highlights:• The paper aims to validate UAV photogrammetry as a very flexible tool for archaeological areas; a fix wing eBee device by Sensefly is tested.• Derived DSM and aerial orthoimages in complex areas with different formal traits are discussed, targeting high mansory ruins and collapsed parts.• Up to 2 cm accuracy and high resolution 3D models are convenient to extract morphological data. Abstract:Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry has shown a very rapid development in many fields, especially in archaeological excavation areas and architectural complexes, where it offers a detailed generation of three-dimensional (3D) data including the possibility of updating over time. It also proves to be a very flexible tool applicable to many types of complex areas with a variety of different features. The use of aerial acquisition provides highly effective results, adding to both rapid capture and lower costs. In fact, today in the field of archaeological research, great efforts are invested in the generation of very large-scale models and orthophotos, and the technology seems to promise further future developments, not only from the terrestrial (orthogonal) point of view, but also from the nadiral direction from a low altitude, as a preferential and often optimal point of view. Here an effective workflow for photogrammetric product generation is presented for selected case studies in some monumental areas of ancient Hierapolis in Phrygia (Turkey), in which the Italian Archaeological Mission of Hierapolis (MAIER) has been working since the 1960s. The recent experiences achieved by UAV photogrammetry are quite innovative. The variety and complexity of the buildings, as well as the height of their ruins, offer numerous challenges, which are interesting to deal with. The 3D aerial survey was performed for multiple purposes with the eBee system by Sensefly. Specific attention was paid to the digital surface model (DSM) and aerial orthoimages of three test areas: the Plutonium area; the Thermal Bath-Church; and the Necropolis. Starting from the same technical approach, a comparative assesment among the three sites was carried out, taking into account the specific goals, the type of the structure and the terrain conformation.Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); digital surface model (DSM); aerial photogrammetry; archaeological heritage; 3D modelling; data integration Resumen:La fotogrametría con vehículos aéresos no tripulados (Unmanned Aerial vehicle, UAV) ha mostrado un desarrollo muy rápido en muchos campos, especialmente en áreas de excavación arqueológica y complejos arquitectónicos, donde ofrece una detallada generación de datos tridimensionales (3D), junto con su actualización en el tiempo. También demuestra ser una herramienta muy flexible aplicable en muchos tipos de áreas complejas, con diferentes características formales. El uso de la toma aérea proporciona hoy resultados altamente efectivos, lo que aumenta la rapidez de adquisición y menores costes. De hecho, hoy en día en el campo de la investig...

Denizli basin is situated at the junction of NW-SE trending Gediz Graben and E-W trending Büyük Menderes Graben in the eastern part of the western Anadolu (Anatolian) extensional province in western Turkey, which has been home to many civilizations during its long history and therefore has ruins of many antique cities and settlements. Most of antique cities were destroyed by strong earthquakes that occurred in ancient times. Strong historical earthquakes in Denizli basin caused heavy damage to antique cities in the region, namely, Hierapolis in Pamukkale, Laodikeia in Denizli city center, colassae in Honaz, Attuda in Babadag and Tripolis in Buldan. A strong earthquake occurred in the early seventh century AD in Lykos (Ç ürüksu) Valley of the Denizli area, heavily damaging the antique cities in the region and causing people to abandon their cities. Recent archaeological excavations in Hierapolis and Laodikeia clearly revealed many relics associated with the early seventh century AD earthquake. For example, the collapse directions of columns and walls are mainly towards the NE or SW. The surface ruptures in the Hierapolis antique city area in the Pamukkale area prove that Pamukkale Fault is the main active fault producing strong earthquakes in the region, and severe damage is induced by earthquakes having a magnitude 6.5 or more. However, the largest earthquake could be up to 7.1 in the Denizli Basin.

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Francesco D'Andria, Cavallino (Lecce) : ceramica ed elementi architettonici arcaici, p. 525-778. La ripresa degli scavi a Cavallino, effettuata dall'Università di Lecce, l'École française di Roma e la Scuola Normale di Pisa, permette di riconsiderare alcuni aspetti della civiltà iapigio-messapica. Lo studio della ceramica fa rilevare, accanto alle produzioni locali, una notevole presenza di vasi d'importazione greca e, in particolare, di anfore commerciali corinzie, che documentano gli scambi effettuati, nel VII e VI sec. a.C, attraverso gli approdi adriatici di Brindisi, Roccavecchia, Otranto. La scoperta di elementi architettonici arcaici di tipo greco mostra, come in altri centri «indigeni» dell'Italia Meridionale, l'intervento di artigiani greci influenzati da schemi dell'architettura arcaica corcirese.

The dark colour of some excavated architectural elements of the Ploutonion, in the archaeological site of Hierapolis of Phrygiae (Turkey), was investigated. The Ploutonion, visited by numerous ancient writers, such as Cicero and Strabo, was a sanctuary dedicated to Pluto and Kore, constructed during the early Imperial period above the entrance to a natural cave, from which thermal waters and poisonous gases emerge. It was used for sacred rituals: sacrifices, incubation and healing. A multi-analytical approach (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, optical and electronic microscopy, and chemical analyses of the thermal spring water) was used in order to define the composition and origin of darkening phenomena of some architectural elements of the Ploutonion.