Glucose metabolism is increased in most aggressive tumors and it is commonly evaluated by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG), measuring the Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) for the assessment. Particularly, it is known that breast cancer expresses different glucose metabolism in relation to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki67 score, tumor grading, tumor size, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2). We present an interesting case of a woman with two different, synchronous breast cancers characterized by different glucose metabolism, according to literature knowledge.

Retinis pigmentosa is a form of retinal dystrophy characterized by pigment deposition resulting in loss of peripheral vision, tunnel vision, night blindness and in some cases full blindness. Parkinson's disease is a progressive extrapyramidal neurological disorder characterized by rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor at rest due to loss of substantia nigra's dopaminergic cell; this loss can be evaluated with 123 I-ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). There are growing evidences underlying a possible correlation between these two conditions; in this report we describe a patient affected by retinitis pigmentosa with a positive 123 I-ioflupane scan underlying a possible connection with Parkinson's disease.

Hemangioblastomas are rare vascular tumors of the central nervous system usually related to other pathological conditions, such as Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome (VHLS) and polycythemia. We describe a case of a 65-year-old man with a neuroendocrine tumor of the ileum presenting with cervical pain who underwent a 68Ga-DOTATOC positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan that incidentally underlines the presence of hemangioblastoma of the cervical spinal cord. The patient does not have a family history of VHLS nor does he suffer from polycythemia and he is currently waiting for genetic testing. Despite being rare, hemangioblastomas could be possible findings of central nervous system incidentaloma at 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT scan, especially in patients with anamnesis with possible related condition.

Background Total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanners are characterized by higher signal collection efficiency and greater spatial resolution compared to conventional scanners, allowing for delayed imaging and improved image quality. These advantages may also lead to better detection of physiological processes that diagnostic imaging professionals should be aware of. The gallbladder (GB) is not usually visualized as an 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-avid structure in routine clinical PET/CT studies; however, with the total-body PET/CT, we have been increasingly visualizing GB activity without it being involved in an inflammatory or neoplastic process. The aim of this study was to report visualization rates and characteristics of GB 18F-FDG uptake observed in both healthy and oncological subjects scanned on a total-body PET/CT system. Materials and methods Scans from 73 participants (48 healthy and 25 with newly diagnosed lymphoma) who underwent 18F-FDG total-body PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects were scanned at multiple timepoints up to 3 h post-injection. Gallbladder 18F-FDG activity was graded using liver uptake as a reference, and the pattern was qualified as present in the wall, lumen, or both. Participants’ characteristics, such as age, sex, body-mass index, blood glucose, and other clinical parameters, were collected to assess for any significant correlation with GB 18F-FDG uptake. Results All 73 subjects showed GB uptake at one or more imaging timepoints. An increase in uptake intensity overtime was observed up until the 180-min scan, and the visualization rate of GB 18F-FDG uptake was 100% in the 120- and 180-min post-injection scans. GB wall uptake was detected in a significant number of patients (44/73, 60%), especially at early timepoint scans, whereas luminal activity was detected in 71/73 (97%) subjects, especially at later timepoint scans. No significant correlation was found between GB uptake intensity/pattern and subjects’ characteristics. Conclusion The consistent observation of GB 18F-FDG uptake recorded in this study in healthy participants and subjects with a new oncological diagnosis indicates that this is a normal physiologic finding rather than representing an exception.