Abstract-Modern applications are inherently heterogeneous: they are built by composing loosely coupled services that are, usually, offered and operated by different service providers. While this approach increases the flexibility of the composed applications, it makes the implementation of security and trustworthiness requirements difficult. As the number of security requirements is increasing dramatically, there is a need for new approaches that integrate security requirements right from the beginning while composing service-based applications.In this paper, we present a framework for secure service composition using a model-based approach for specifying, building, and executing composed services. As a unique feature, this framework integrates security requirements as a first class citizen and, thus, avoids the "security as an afterthought" paradigm.

Summary In the world of large‐scale applications, software as a service (SaaS) in general and use of microservices, in particular, is bringing service‐oriented architectures to a new level: Systems in general and systems that interact with human users (eg, sociotechnical systems) in particular are built by composing microservices that are developed independently and operated by different parties. At the same time, SaaS applications are used more and more widely by enterprises as well as public services for providing critical services, including those processing security or privacy of relevant data. Therefore, providing secure and reliable service compositions is increasingly needed to ensure the success of SaaS solutions. Building such service compositions securely is still an unsolved problem. In this paper, we present a framework for modelling, validating, and ranking secure service compositions that integrate both automated services as well as services that interact with humans. As a unique feature, our approach for ranking services integrates validated properties (eg, based on the result of formally analysing the source code of a service implementation) as well as contractual properties that are part of the service level agreement and, thus, not necessarily ensured on a technical level.

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