A. Scapinelli et al. Resumo:Objetivou-se neste trabalho verificar alterações morfológicas e anatômicas no sistema radicular do girassol, bem como nos seus atributos produtivos em função da compactação adicional provocada pelo
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of penetration rate and the size of the cone base on the resistance to penetration under different soil moistures and soil bulk density. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with the factors, soil bulk density of 1.0; 1.2; 1.4 and 1.6 Mg m , penetration rates of 0.166 and 30 mm s -1 and areas of the cone base of 10.98 and 129.28 mm 2 resulting in 32 treatments with 8 replicates. To ensure greater uniformity and similarity to field conditions, samples passed through cycles of wetting and drying. Only the interaction of the four factors was not significant. Resistance values varied with the density of the soil, regardless of moisture and penetration rate. Soil penetration resistance was influenced by the size of the cone base, with higher values for the smallest base independent of moisture and soil bulk density. The relationship between resistance to penetration and moisture is not always linear, once it is influenced by soil bulk density. Reduction in the area of the cone leads to an increase in the soil resistance to penetration.Key words: soil bulk density, soil moisture, methodology.Resistência do solo à penetração em função da velocidade de penetração, tamanho da base do cone e diferentes condições do solo , resultando em 32 tratamentos com oito repetições. Visando dar maior uniformidade e maior semelhança às condições de campo, as amostras passaram por ciclos de umedecimento e secagem. Apenas a interação dos quatro fatores não foi significativa. Os valores de resistência variaram com a densidade do solo, independentemente da umidade e da velocidade de penetração. A resistência do solo à penetração foi influenciada pelo tamanho da base do cone, com a menor base apresentando os maiores valores, independentemente da umidade e da densidade do solo. A relação entre resistência do solo à penetração e umidade nem sempre é linear, pois é influenciada pelo valor da densidade do solo. A diminuição do tamanho da base do cone provoca incremento no valor da resistência do solo à penetração.Palavras-chave: densidade do solo, umidade do solo, metodologia.
O objetivo do trabalho foi fazer uma avaliação preliminar da resposta da cultura da mamona em solo compactado e servir de base a futuras avaliações em condição de campo. O experimento ocorreu no Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso - Campus Campo Novo do Parecis com um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico de textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos, sendo as densidades de solo: 1,0 Mg m-3; 1,2 Mg m-3; 1,4 Mg m-3 e 1,6 Mg m-3 e 6 repetições. A unidade experimental constitui-se por um vaso de 0,2 m de altura, formado pela sobreposição e montagem de dois anéis de PVC rígido com altura de 0,1 m e diâmetro interno de 0,17 m. As características avaliadas na mamona foram diâmetro da haste, altura de planta, número de folhas fixas na haste da planta, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, massa seca total, relação altura/diâmetro, relação altura/massa seca da parte aérea, relação altura/massa seca da raiz e relação massa seca da parte aérea/massa seca de raiz. A cultura da mamona é sensível ao incremento da densidade do solo, apresentando redução drástica de crescimento e desenvolvimento aéreo e radicular, não sendo indicada para ambientes que possam apresentar camadas restritivas no solo. Palavras-chave: compactação; Ricinus communis; sistema de manejo. Development of castor bean in compacted soil ABSTRACT: The objective of the work was to make a preliminary evaluation of the response of the castor bean culture in compacted soil and to serve as a basis for future evaluations in field condition. The experiment took place at the Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso - Campus Campo Novo do Parecis with a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico with a clay texture. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with 4 treatments, with soil densities: 1.0 Mg m-3; 1.2 Mg m-3; 1.4 Mg m-3 and 1.6 Mg m-3 and 6 repetitions. The experimental unit consists of a 0.2 m high vessel, formed by the overlap and assembly of two rigid PVC rings with a height of 0.1 m and an internal diameter of 0.17 m. The characteristics evaluated in the castor were stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves fixed on the plant stem, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root, total dry mass, height/diameter ratio, height/dry mass ratio of the part aerial, height/dry mass ratio of the root and dry mass of the aerial part/dry mass of the root. The castor bean crop is sensitive to the increase in soil density, presenting a drastic reduction in growth and aerial and root development, not being indicated for environments that may present restrictive layers in the soil. Keywords: compaction; Ricinus communis; management system.
The objective of this study was to establish the relation between the soil physical properties and the cotton crop development in order to determine the critical limits. For this, an experiment was performed in a randomized block design in a dystrophic Red Oxisol typical of a clayey texture. The treatments consisted of five compaction states as a function of the different passages numbers of an agricultural tractor, with C0: no additional traffic; C1: one tractor passage; C2: three tractor passages; C3: six tractor passages and C4: eleven tractor passages. The soil physical properties, root distribution in its layers, vegetative and reproductive characteristics, and root anatomy were all evaluated. Cotton crop has been shown to be sensitive to compacted soils. Compaction promoted the arrangement of the soil solid particles, and it was possible to establish that the productivity is reduced with values of 0.26 m 3 m-3 , 0.27 m 3 m-3 and 0.90 MPa of macroporosity, microporosity and soil resistance to penetration, respectively. Soil compaction causes changes in the root system, with a reduction in the explored volume and increased root diameter, reflecting a yield drop.
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