Drymarchon corais and Caiman crocodilus are reported here using different feeding behaviors for consuming poisonous toads of the genus Rhinella (Bufonidae). Drymarchon corais was observed feeding on specimens of Rhinella diptycha without avoiding contact with the parotoid macroglands, suggesting that this snake species is immune to toad toxins. Caiman crocodilus was recorded avoiding contact with the parotoid macroglands of specimens of Rhinella marina by consuming only the front and rear legs, suggesting that this caiman may be sensitive to toad toxins. Further experimental and field studies are needed to better understand the feeding behavior of D. corais and C. crocodilus and the effects of Rhinella toxins on these predators. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

The third instar larva and puparium of Gastrops willistoni Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae), preying on eggs in a foam nest of Leptodactylus knudseni Heyer (Anura: Leptodactylidae), in a central Amazonian dryland forest (Brazil) are described for the first time. The fusiform larva has a short breathing tube, its anterior spiracles are fan-shaped and posterior spiracles with three spircular openings. Pupa is ovoid with a broad anterior margin and bifurcate posterior tip. The taxonomic relationship of the frog egg predators, Gastrops Williston and Typopsilopa Cresson, are discussed.

We report an event of a Caiman crocodilus consuming the catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis. A list of known prey items of C. crocodilus was also compiled from the literature, including known vertebrate and invertebrate items for this species. The predation event was observed at the margin of a lagoon in Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, located in the municipality of Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, during a fieldwork study in 2020. The literature survey revealed 250 distinct prey items for this caiman, of which 150 are invertebrates (89 Insecta, 24 Crustacea, 14 Mollusca,10 Arachnida, 10 Myriapoda, 2 Annelida, and 1 Platyhelminthes) and 100 are vertebrates (53 fishes, 16 reptiles, 11 amphibians, 10 birds, and 10 mammals). Among fishes, only three Siluriformes have been taxonomically identified as C. crocodilus preys: Hoplosternum littorale, Clarias batrachus, and Ameiurus nebulosus. Therefore, the catfish P. pardalis represents a new prey specie for C. crocodilus. Our field observation and the presented literature review reinforce the view of C. crocodilus as a generalist predator, with fish as the most important vertebrate prey in the diet of this species.

Um novo registro de Rhabdias parasitando Hypsiboas raniceps Stiles & Hassal 1905 em uma área de Cerrado é apresentado neste trabalho. O gênero é comumente encontrado parasitando pulmões de anfíbios e reptéis no mundo todo. Foram analisados sete espécimes de H. raniceps, onde dois estavam parasitados com nematódeos do gênero Rhabdias nos pulmões. Um total de seis nematódeos foram encontrados, e identificados com base na morfologia das estruturas, e nas medidas realizadas nos espécimes. Esta nota apresenta o primeiro registro de Rhabdias em H. raniceps, sendo assim a espécie um novo hospedeiro de Rhabdias.

Apresentamos aqui um novo registro de Hysterothylacium sp. parasitando um espécime de Diodon sp. encontrado no município de Angra dos Reis, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Um total de quatorze espécimes (14) de Hysterothylacium sp. foram encontrados no estômago e na cavidade visceral de Diodon sp. Todos os nematóides encontrados foram fixados e preservados em álcool 70%, posteriormente clarificados em Lactofenol de Aman. Lâminas foram montadas para visualização das estruturas de importância taxonômica e realização das medidas. Os dados apresentados neste trabalho representam o primeiro registro de ocorrência de helmintos neste hospedeiro na região litoral do Brasil.