Gastric Ulcer is a common ailment in Nigeria, with synthetic drug treatment becoming less effective, hence, herbal remedies are being sought. Daedalea quercina (Dq) has been shown to have significant therapeutic potential, but little is known about its anti-ulcer and blood-enhancing qualities, which is why this study was conducted. Fifty male wistar rats (100-110g; n=5) were divided into two sets of five groups respectively for days 7 and 14 treatments. Blood samples were collected on days 7 and 14 for full blood count. Gastric ulceration was induced in the rats using indomethacin (40 mg/kg p.o) after 24 hours fast on days 8 and 15. Animals were euthanised 4 hours after ulceration, stomachs were excised and analysed for malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl, nitrite, mucin and H+K+-ATPase activity, using standard procedures while tissues from the stomach were harvested and processed for routine histology. Data were expressed as Mean ±SEM, analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and p≤ 0.05 was significant. Haematological indicators were not significantly affected with the treatment. Significant differences were observed with nitric oxide, mucin, sulfhydryl, and hydrogen-peroxide and H+/K+-ATPase. Daedalea quercina treatment groups demonstrated anti-ulcer and blood-boosting activities through the synergistic activities of increased nitrite and antioxidant pathways.

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have been reported to be a component of the human and animal microbiome, functioning as probiotics. Their capacity to stick to the epithelial or mucosal surface is mostly dependent on receptor specific binding, charge, and hydrophobicity interaction. Much work have been done on the hydrophobicity and some physiological properties of LAB from different sources but there is a dearth of knowledge on those of the oral cavity, hence this study. Oral samples were collected from respondents from different areas of the University Of Ibadan with sterile swab stick and were brought to the microbiology laboratory of the University of Ibadan for analysis. The isolates were subjected to morphological, biochemical, molecular and physiological tests using standard procedures. In this study, nine colonies of LAB were isolated and characterized from oral samples of respondents from the University of Ibadan. They were identified as, Pedicoccus acidilactici, Leuconostoc lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarium, and Lactobacillus casei. All the isolates inhibited the growth of the four pathogens used, survived at 4% concentration of NaCl, MgSO4, KNO3, NaNO3, MnSO4 and 3% bile salts used. They exhibited low surface hydrophobicity, survived in the acidic and temperatures of the media used.

Higher-fungi (Hf) of the polypore mushrooms are considered to have unique secondary metabolites, making them reservoirs of therapeutically significant bioactive compounds. Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the Hf were accessed in this study. Four Hf, which were found in several wild locations in Oyo state, Nigeria, were collected. At the University of Ibadan Botany Department Laboratory, the species of the four Hf were determined. In-vitro antioxidant activity were assessed using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays using methanol extracts of air-dried and powdered Hf. Results were presented as Mean SEM, graphs were created in Excel, one-way ANOVA was used for the analysis, and p ≤0.05 was regarded as significant. These Hf were identified as Lycoperdon rimlatum (Lr) FFUI1, Trametes versicolor (Tv) FFUI2, Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) FFUI3, and Daedelia quarcina (Dq) FFUI4 and were recorded on the NCBI with accession numbers EU833664.1, JQ621899, JQ520179.1 and KP171209.1, respectively. All the Hf showed positive tests for the presence of saponin, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, carbohydrate,tannin and flavonoids. The Hf showed antioxidant activities, the highest DPPH inhibition was by Tv (94.48%), FRAP was by Gl (0.16 mg/g) and H2O2 inhibition was by Lr (70.90%). The antioxidant activities observed were due to the presence of useful phytochemicals making them therapeutically significant.