The sustainability potential of Brazilian social housing (SH) needs to be assessed, considering the impacts on the population’s quality of life and urban systems. One of the main weaknesses of Casa Azul Label refers to the absence of a procedure that quantifies the measures for assessing urban sustainability. Based on the post-occupation analysis of an SH project implemented in Araraquara, São Paulo state, Brazil, evaluation of urban sustainability was developed, using a multi-method approach combining the Casa Azul Label and Sustainable Building Tool (SBTool) Urban certification tools. It was proposed to apply the calculations established in SBTool Urban according to the Casa Azul Label certification requirements, as well as insert a national benchmark as a reference for the analysis and normalizing results. These procedures made it possible to base an improvement framework on a Brazilian environmental certification system, including a quantification system to evaluate the efficiency of the applied measures regarding urban sustainability. The multi-method approach, associated with the SBTool Urban procedures, could significantly help to improve the application of a sustainable assessment system in social housing in developing countries. The high number of residential units produced in recent years could be qualitatively evaluated, improving both the construction procedures and the criteria for the urban insertion of human settlements.
Resumo: O artigo analisa o beneficio do uso de uma geogrelha como reforço da camada de base de um pavimento. Seções do pavimento e subleito com dimensões próximas às reais submetidas a carregamentos cíclicos foram ensaiadas numa caixa metálica quadrada com lado de 1,5 m e altura de 1,2 m. Concluiu-se que a utilização da geogrelha proporciona a redução de deformações elásticas e permanentes, e que a eficiência do reforço posicionado na interface com o subleito é maior que a do reforço posicionado no horizonte mé-dio da base. Foram ainda determinados os módulos de resiliência da base e do subleito a partir da retroanálise das bacias de deflexões obtidas nos ensaios. Finalmente, a análise numérica de um pavimento hipotético mostrou que a geogrelha pode proporcionar uma extensão expressiva na vida de fadiga do revestimento asfáltico.Palavras-chave: pavimentos reforçados com geosintéticos, geogrelha, ensaios de laboratório em verdadeira grandeza, deformações elásticas e plásticas sob carregamento cíclicos. Abstract:The article analyzes the benefits of the application of a geogrid as base layer pavement reinforcement. Cyclic loaded fullscale sections of pavement and subgrade were tested in a square metallic box with 1.5 m width and 1.2 m height. It was concluded that the geogrid reduces the elastic and plastic deformations and also that positioning the reinforcing at subgrade interface is more efficient than at base medium horizon. The base and subgrade resilient modulus were obtained by back calculation using the deflection basin results from the tests. Finally, a numerical modeling of a hypothetic pavement showed that the geogrid may conduct to an expressive increase of the bituminous surface life.
<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento, a montagem e um exemplo de aplicação de um equipamento de grande porte (seção de 1,5 x 1,5m e altura de 1,2m) para o ensaio em laboratório de estruturas de pavimentos com materiais, espessuras de camadas e condições de carregamento similares às de campo. O carregamento cíclico é aplicado por um cilindro pneumático alimentado por um compressor de ar. A instrumentação é constituída de LVDTs, células de carga e de tensão total que permitem o monitoramento das cargas aplicadas, tensões no interior das camadas e deslocamentos elásticos e permanentes na superfície do pavimento. Com as bacias de deflexões determinadas a partir dos deslocamentos elásticos superficiais, é possível, por meio de retroanálise, o cálculo dos módulos de resiliência dos materiais constituintes das camadas ensaiadas. Os ensaios realizados até o presente indicam que o equipamento apresenta bom funcionamento, sendo que o sistema pneumático atende às expectativas, os transdutores fornecem medidas com a precisão exigida e os valores de módulo de resiliência calculados por meio da retroanálise são compatíveis com os determinados em ensaios triaxiais cíclicos e com os observados em campo em condições similares.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The article presents the development, the assembly and an example of application of large-scale equipment (width of 1.5*1.5m and height of 1.2m) for testing pavement structures in laboratory, with materials, layers thicknesses and loading conditions similar to the field ones. The load is cyclic and generated from a pneumatic actuator. The instrumentation is constituted of LVDTs, load-cells and soil pressure transducers that permit monitoring the applied loads and the stress distribution in the interior of the layers, as well as plastic and elastic deformations on the pavement surface. From the deflection basin obtained, it is possible, by means of backcalculation, the determination of the materials resilient modulus. In a preliminary analysis, the equipment showed a good operation, attended to the expectations and the transducers supplied measures with the required precision. The backcalculation results were compatible with those obtained from cyclic triaxial tests and those observed in similar field conditions.</p>
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