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This work is dedicated to my parents Mr. William Kawara and Mrs. Elizabeth Kawara in recognition of their love and support that has guaranteed my success in education. This work is also dedicated to my dear wife Clementine and our children, Elizabeth, Rutendo, Simbarashe and Nicole for their patience and understanding during the course of my studies. iii ACKOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of this study was a result of the contribution of many people as well as organisations. I would also like to thank the Almighty God for His guidance and protection throughout the research process. My supervisor Dr. P.J. Heeralal was a source of inspiration at all stages of my doctoral studies. His incisive and constructive criticisms enabled me to gain new insights in conducting this study. I would like to thank all the research participants who took part in this study. Without them this study would not have been a success. I also express my heartfelt gratitude to the following people and organisations:  The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education for granting the permission to conduct this study;  The heads of the five participating primary schools for granting access;  Colleagues in the Faculty of Education at the University of Zimbabwe who proof read the manuscript;  Mr. J. Mutambwa and Mr. T. Gama for language editing services; and  My family for all the inconveniences endured during the course of this study.

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