The study of biodegradation of chemicals that are discharged into the water bodies is important to determine the risk to the environment that is associated with the chemical. The biodegradability of a chemical can be characterised by conventional oxidation parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD).Since the BOD5 estimation method takes five days, other methods have been sought for measuring oxygen requirements of a sample. One of them is the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test which makes use of a strong oxidising agent under acidic conditions.In this paper a combination of BOD5 and COD experimental data is used to develop a quantitative model for the prediction of biodegradability. Furthermore, the criterion used to classify a substance as 'readily biodegradable' is the one specified by the European Chemical Agency (EChA)'s CLP (Classification, Labelling and Packaging) Regulation.
This paper discusses the application of the circular economy concept and industrial ecology approach in the context of industrial chemical sites. A real-life case study about the use of bromine as reactant for chemical synthesis and its recycling by Syngenta in Monthey is described
in detail. With a recovery yield of 97% it represents a well-established example of closed loop recycling, one aspect of the circular economy. The process leads to significant safety and environmental risk reduction and economic savings in the order of several million CHF per year.
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