No abstract

INTRODUCTIONReviewing the literature on blood studies one is struck by the comparatively few extensive investigations which have been carried on with the blood of the new-born. The morpohologic variations in hemoglobin and cells have received more consideration than any other phase of the problem. The chemistry of the blood of the new-born has been given little attention. Sedgwick's 1 findings stand out as the most extensive and illuminating, and Slemon's 2 investigations on maternal and fetal blood are fundamental, furnishing conclusive evidence of the mechanistic function of the placenta. Coagulation has been given little real attention and except for isolated studies on individual cases of hemorrhages of the new-born few, beside Rodda,3 have attempted to analyze the factors entering into this problem.We have, therefore, attempted to bring together all these phases\p=m-\ morphology, chemistry, coagulation and pigment metabolism\p=m-\intoa combined study of the blood of the normal new-born infant. All blood

No abstract

The r51e of the anterior portion of the hypophysis in the production or intensification of diabetes was discovered in this Institute in 1929 and 1930 and since then has been studied continuously. An abstract of this work up to 1935 was published by Houssay in 1936. Some of the extracts of anterior hypophysis in animals without hypophysis and pancreas and with mild diabetes, intensified the hyperglycemia and glycosuria to a degree exceeding the intensity of the diabetes associated with pancreatectomy alone. This was observed in the toad , and in the dog Houssay, Biasotti, Di Benedetti, and Rietti, 1932). These latter observations suggested a possible method of biological assay of the diabetogenic factor. The present experiments were undertaken to demonstrate the relative potency of the diabetogenic principle in extracts of the anterior hypophysis from various species.Te st A nimals (a) Dogs.--The hypophysectomized-pancreatectomized dog is difficult to maintain in good condition because the injection of anterior hypophyseal extract profoundly aggravates its condition. On the other hand insulin cannot be used since they are so sensitive to this agent they develop fatal hypoglycemia from doses as low as 1 to 3 units per day. Normal dogs, while not showing this marked insulin sensitivity, require such large amounts of anterior hypophyseal extract (between 1 and 2 gin. per kilo per day for several days) as to prohibit its extensive use for titrating the diabetogenic principle. Mention should be made that this diabetes in normal dogs, characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, hyperlipemia, acidosis, etc., (Houssay, 1936) is produced specifically by anterior hypophyseal extracts, extracts of other organs being inert. The hyperglycemia which is preceded and accompanied by increased insulin resistance, appears between the 2nd and 5th days after starting with the injections. Upon discontinuing the injections, blood sugar returns to normal in 1 to 3 days. If the animal fasts, the injections produce insulin resistance without hyperglycemia.Dogs with subtotal pancreatic resection demonstrate Sandmeyer's diabetes if less than 3 gin. of pancreas are left. This attenuated diabetes is not permanent since it 93 on

No abstract