Self-directed learning (SDL) is essential in medical education. The rapid development of medical science and the expansion of health problems need a physician who can meet that challenges. A physician must have lifelong learning ability. SDL is one of the important requirements for lifelong learning ability. In SDL, learners are the controller of learning and learners have the freedom to learn according to their needs. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the role of the teacher in the SDL process, particularly in medical education. This study used a qualitative exploratory design. Twelve teachers and 23 medical students were selected by purposive sampling. There were seven themes that emerged from the analysis. The role of teacher in the SDL process includes: (1) Competent; (2) Concern; (3) Creative; (4) Facilitator; (5) Motivator; (6) Partners; and (7) Role Model.

Abstract-Self-directed learning (SDL) emphasized the students to be responsible in their learning process. SDL capabilities need to be owned by physicians, so physicians will be able to face the continuous scientific changes and they can develop the lifelong learning capabilities. This study aimed to explore the process of SDL on medical students. This study was an exploratory qualitative research. Informants were selected based on the maximum variation. The number of informants are 23 students. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Twelve informants were male and 11 were female. The average of age was 21 years old. Eighteen informants live in the rental house, 13 informants come from high school, the rest come from the madrasah aliyah, 12 informants did not come from islamic boarding school. There were 12 informants from preclinical stage and 11 informants from clinical stage. The area of informant origin from Jakarta were eight, West Java were three, Central Java were three, East Java were four, Gorontalo was one, South Sumatra were two, Banten was two. The themes that emerged in the SDL process involves ten stages, namely: (1) learning target; (2) learning organization; (3) learning strategies; (4) learning resources; (5) consistency; (6) time management; (7) self-control; (8) performance insight; (9) review; and (10) strategic planning. SDL process was described as a spiral which shows that the process was a continuous ongoing process. The size of the spiral increasingly large that describing the quality of SDL processes were improving in line with level of education. The students of PSPD FKIK UIN SH Jakarta seen not optimal undergo the whole process, especially in consistency, time management, performance insight, and the review. Medical student should to improve their skills on SDL by practicing the ten step of SDL process.

Introduction: Cytoglobin (Cygb) is an oxygen transporter marker that appears in hypoxic conditions. The clinical condition of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, in general is that patients experience hypoxemia with low oxygen saturation. The Cygb gene is stimulated by the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) transcription factor, which is stable in hypoxia. Methods: This study investigates Cygb expression in hypoxic COVID-19 cases. The design of this research is analytically observational. Parameters measured were Cygb mRNA and protein levels, correlation of HIF-1α and Cygb proteins in COVID-19 patients with Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron variants and negative control patients. Results: The results showed that each Cygb mRNA level decreased by 0.50, 0.92, 0.75 and 0.84 times that of the control. In contrast, Cygb protein levels (ng/mL) increased (16.95; 20.33; 21.20; 14.01 and 6.29 control). Strong negative correlation between mRNA and Cygb protein (R = -0.611). Strong positive correlation between HIF-1α and Cygb protein (R = 0.670). Conclusion: This study showed that Cygb mRNA expression decreased, further increasing Cygb protein; HIF-1α protein levels increased, further increasing Cygb protein. In COVID-19 patients (Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants), there is an increase in Cygb protein levels through stimulation of HIF-1α, which is stable under hypoxic conditions. The regulation of Cygb in this study has the potential to become the basis for handling cases of viral infections or other cases of hypoxia.

Objectives: The morbidity and mortality rate of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is quite high. For example proportion of PUD in China was 17.2%. There is a lack of epidemiological data available for this disease in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the proportion of PUD in Haji Hospital Jakarta and to describe the risk factors of age, sex, and patient history of NSAIDs medication.Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Samples were patients who undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examinations at the Hajj Hospital Jakarta from 2015 until 2018. Samples who met the inclusion dan exclusion criteria were selected randomly as needed. Data of chief complaints, diagnosis, age, sex, and history of NSAIDs medication were taken from the medical record.Result and Discussions: 112 samples were selected in this study. Major chief complaint was dyspepsia (42.9%). The proportion of PUD was 16 (14.3%) and predominantly male (75%). Most of the samples with PUD were >46 years old (68.8%). History of NSAIDs medications were 81.3% and most commonly used was mefenamic acid (41.2%). There was no significant association between PUD with sex (p>0.005), but there was a significant association between PUD and age (p < 0.005). Furthermore, older people more than 46 years were 11.5 times more likely to develop peptic ulceration than below 46 years (PR= 11.556).Conclusion: Elderly people should be more aware of the risk of getting PUD, especially those who had a history of NSAIDs medication.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 27-30

Background: The impact of eating difficulty in children can cause the intake of nutrients to be less, so the nutritional needs become unreachable. It is not easy for parents to face the fact that their children have eating difficulty. Coping becomes part of the adjustment. Coping is a special term used to indicate an individual's reaction when facing pressure or stress. Thus, the coping strategies of parents in dealing with children who have eating difficulty is requiredto deal with and control existing problems.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the coping strategies of mothers who have children with eating difficulty.Methods: This research was a phenomenological qualitative research. Qualitative data collection techniques in this study was in-depth semi-structured interview techniques. Data analysis was performed by AtlasTi software. Content analysis was used to analyze raw data and identify overarching themes.Results: There four main themes and associated subthemes, were abstracted from the data, namely feeding problem manifestation (refusing to chew, throw out, prolonged mealtimes, inadequate food intake, food refusal, picky eating, closed mouth), stress full condition (angry/out of control, miserable, confused/puzzled, worried, impatient, frustrating), removed from the situation (positive thinking, ignored, acceptance, persevering, religious approaches),and action to modify situation (creative, seeking for help, looking for information, giving the nutrition supplement).Conclusion: This study may have implications for the implementation in overcoming child with eating difficulties. By understanding the mother's condition, then the treatment will be more focused and precise.