ABSTRACT. The custard apple (Annona squamosa L.), also known as the sugar apple, is a fruit species native to Brazil that has been poorly studied, especially in relation to the effect of humic substances on its fruit quality and yield. An experiment was conducted from December 2010 to November 2011 to evaluate the fruit quality and yield of the custard apple as a function of nitrogen fertilising and the use of humic substances. The experimental design consisted of randomised blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement (4 x 2), using four nitrogen doses (0, 100, 175 and 250 g of N plant -1 ) and two humic substance applications (with and without humic substances), with four replications. The fruit yield and fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), pulp pH and SS/TA ratio, were recorded. The humic substances and the nitrogen levels significantly affected the soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/TA ratio, while the pH pulp was only influenced by the humic substances. The humic substances promoted a quantitative increase in the fruit yield of 0.63 ton ha -1 . The fruit quality and yield of the custard apple depend on the nitrogen fertiliser and the interaction of the humic substances. Nitrogen fertilising of 100 g per plant, associated with humic substances, could be recommended for use in the production of custard apples.
ResumoPara o sucesso da cultura do mamoeiro, é essencial uma produção qualificada dos frutos, obtida a partir de mudas de alta qualidade e plantas de elevado potencial genético. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade do caule decomposto de buriti (Mauritia vinifera Mart.) (CDB) na formação de mudas de mamoeiro formosa cv. Caliman. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Bom Jesus-PI. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com tratamentos referentes às diferentes formulações de substrato [S1: solo e areia 1:1 (80%) + CDB (20%); S2: solo e areia 1:1 (60%) + CDB (40%); S3: solo e areia 1:1 (40%) + CDB (60%); S4: solo e areia 1:1 (20%) + CDB (80%); S5: CDB (100%)]. Foram adotadas cinco repetições com cinco mudas por parcela. Foram registradas as seguintes variáveis: emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura de plântula, diâmetro do caule, concentração de clorofila, área foliar, área radicular, comprimento médio de raiz, diâmetro médio radicular, densidade de raízes, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e de raiz. O CDB pode ser usado como parte integrante do substrato para a formação de mudas de mamoeiro, na proporção de 20%, atuando positivamente na altura de plântulas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, clorofila foliar, diâmetro radicular, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e massa da matéria seca radicular. Palavras-chave adicionais:Carica papaya L; qualidade de mudas; substratos regionais. AbstractFor the successful cultivation of papaya, fruits of high quality are essential and this starts with seedlings of high genetic potential and quality. The objective of this project was to evaluate the decomposed trunk of buriti (CDB) (Mauritia vinifera Mart.) plants for the formation of seedlings of 'Caliman' cv. of papaya of the formosa type. The experimental units were distributed in the greenhouse (a screen covering which allowed 50% luminosity) according to a completely random design. The treatments consisted of six formulations of the substrata : S1 : soil and sand 1:1 (80%) + CDB (20%), S2 : soil and sand 1:1 (60%) + CDB (40%), S3 : soil and sand 1 : 1 (40%) + CDB (60%), S4 : soil and sand 1:1 (20%) + CDB (80%), and S5 : CDB (100%). Each replication of each treatment was formed by five seedlings. The evaluated variables were the following : seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, seedling height, stem diameter, chlorophyll concentration, leaf area, radicular area, mean root length, mean radicular diameter, root density, and mean aerial part and root dry mass. The results showed that CDB can be used at the proportion of 20% to compose substrata for the development of papaya seedlings. This formulation favors plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll, radicular diameter, aerial part and root dry mass.
The use of organic waste in the composition of substrates for seedlings constitutes an alternative to the recycling of these materials. Thus, an experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the production of ‘Formosa’ papaya seedlings in substrate containing carnauba wax residue, under foliar fertilization. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates, with treatments distributed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five materials used as substrates, in the presence and absence of foliar fertilization. The materials used were: earthworm humus, carnauba residue + fresh rice husk; carnauba residue in powder; carnauba residue semi-decomposed and mixture of carnauba residues: carnauba residue + fresh rice husk + carnauba residue semi-decomposed + carnauba residue in powder, at the proportion 1:1:1. The agroindustrial residue of carnauba wax semi-decomposed can be used as substrates in the production of ‘Formosa’ papaya seedlings. The foliar fertilization increases the quality of papaya seedlings, leading to increment in leaf area, root volume and sulfur content in the leaves, thus becoming a necessary practice.
No sistema de produção de plantas, incluindo a melancia, o substrato tem importância considerada no desenvolvimento de mudas, que vai influenciar não só na germinação, mas em um aumento considerável na produção. Por esta razão com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a utilização do caule decomposto de babaçu como substrato na produção de mudas de melancieira, cultivar Crimson Sweet. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (CCAA), da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos de substratos a base de caule decomposto de babaçu (CDB), nas seguintes proporções: T1- 100% de substrato comercial; T2- 20% de CDB + 80% de Solo; T3- 40% de CDB + 60% de Solo; T4- 60% de CDB + 40% de Solo; T5- 80% de CDB + 20% de Solo; T6- 100% de CDB, foram realizadas quatro repetições, com 12 mudas por parcela. Não foi averiguado efeito significativo para o porcentual de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, índice de qualidade de Dickson, volume e massa seca do sistema radicular, enquanto para o número de folhas, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea e comprimento radicular, registrou-se diferença significativa entre as diferentes composições de CDB e o substrato comercial. O caule decomposto com 100% de babaçu apresentou resultados semelhantes ao substrato comercial, e portanto, pode ser utilizado como substrato para a produção de mudas de melancieira, em função do ótimo desempenho das mudas, fácil obtenção e baixo custo.
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