Beginning with the concept of globalism and the theory of the global system, the process of "industrial relocation of the Tangiers-Tetouan región (Morocco)" has been analyzed. Labor regulation and proximity to Europe have transformed this region into a favored destination for transnational companies. In order to understand the discourse among social agents which share space and interests, especially those who occupy a position of power in the social structure, a qualitativequantitative methodology has been used to understand the influence of the global on the local. The central category "from expectations for improvement to personal frustration" emerges to explain the social processes which have transformed the región into a migration hub, aimed at achieving the "successful product".
Companies in northern Morocco that export manufactured goods and services run on a production system characterized by high pressure, flexible use of labour, strict supervision and the challenging of certain labour rights. This article studies the conditions of work at these enterprises on the basis of the theoretical model of the “localized global economy”, drawing distinctions based on types of enterprise, industry and occupational categories. The results show how changes to the labour law in 2004, which adopted the standards contained in international conventions, have given more power to multinational enterprises.
Resumen
Las empresas exportadoras de productos manufacturados y de servicios del norte de Marruecos siguen un sistema de producción caracterizado por la alta presión, la flexibilidad, la supervisión directa y el cuestionamiento de ciertos derechos laborales. En el presente trabajo se estudian las condiciones laborales de estas empresas a partir del modelo teórico de la «economía global localizada», estableciendo una diferenciación según el tipo de empresa, la rama de actividad económica y la categoría profesional. Los resultados muestran cómo la reforma laboral de 2004, que adaptó la normativa a los convenios internacionales, ha servido para otorgar mayor poder a la empresa transnacional.
El norte de la región marroquí de Tánger-Tetuán-Alhucemas ha contemplado en las últimas décadas un extraordinario crecimiento de su tejido industrial, especialmente mediante el asentamiento de numerosas Empresas Manufactureras de Exportación. Estas empresas se caracterizan por un uso intensivo del factor trabajo y una flexibilidad en las condiciones laborales. Sobre este contexto, el artículo analiza las prácticas sociolaborales implementadas por las Empresas Manufactureras de Exportación y su relación con la decisión de emigrar al extranjero (o no) por parte de sus trabajadores. Para ello se ha implementado un estudio analítico-interpretativo, el cual ha contado con 93 entrevistas en profundidad a trabajadores del sector industrial. Siguiendo la Teoría Fundamentada como metodología de análisis, los resultados muestran cómo las Empresas Manufactureras de Exportación han tenido una importante incidencia en la cultura migratoria de los trabajadores y, en concreto, en su búsqueda del bienestar a través de la migración.
The increase in one-person households is regarded as a manifestation of the process of social individualization that strengthens individuals’ ability to make lifestyle choices to the detriment of certain social institutions. However, the background circumstances to solo living can vary widely and often stem from structural determinants, such as gender inequalities, within the framework of a highly competitive society. This article analyses the nature and social significance of solo-living in Spain through a case study of young adult women (25–45 years of age) residing in an urban environment (Barcelona and Jaen). The analyses focus on aspects connected with the theory of social individualization (e.g. the demands of working life and expectations regarding life partners, motherhood and social relations). Four different profiles of women can be distinguished in the results: ‘cosmopolitans’, ‘unconditionals’, ‘empowered’, and ‘temporaries’. In broad terms, the interviewees’ narratives bear witness to the process of individualization (self-realization with which to engage in a personal life project), although tensions come into play between personal expectations and the demands of working life, especially in the spheres of sexual partnership and motherhood.
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