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ResumenLas sabanas inundables corresponden al 12.5% del área de la cuenca del Orinoco, siendo este un ecosistema estratégico de gran importancia económica, biológica y ecológica. El objetivo de nuestro artículo fue actualizar e informar al lector sobre el estado actual del conocimiento de los ecosistemas de sabanas inundables presentes en la Orinoquia colombiana. Tratamos las siguientes categorías temáticas: estudios de ecosistemas, flora y fauna; conservación y uso sostenible; herramientas de gestión y planeación; y educación ambiental. Analizamos la información teniendo en cuenta el tipo de publicación: artículo, libro, capítulo delibro, informe técnico, tesis y resúmenes. Incluimos un total de 159 publicaciones. El 53% del número de publicaciones corresponde a literatura publicada oficialmente y el restante 47% a literatura gris. El mayor porcentaje de las publicaciones corresponde a estudios de ecología, flora y fauna (68%). En general, consideramos que hacen falta estudios mejor estructurados, que incluyan los ecosistemas de sabanas y su vegetación asociada, ya que la mayoría de los estudios están enfocados a los bosques de galería. Observamos en el análisis por décadas que la mayor contribución al conocimiento de las sabanas inundables de la Orinoquia colombiana fue en las décadas de 1990-2000 y 2000-2010. Este estudio nos confirma la hipótesis que teníamos sobre la poca información disponible que existe para el paisaje de sabana inundable. Algunos grupos taxonómicos han sido mejor estudiados que otros. La estacionalidad es un factor determinante en la dinámica hidrológica de las sabanas inundables. Por esto, consideramos fundamental empezar a trabajar sobre el servicio de regulación hídrica y su importancia en la dinámica y procesos ecológicos, y además profundizar en el conocimiento, conservación y uso de la sabana inundable de la Orinoquia colombiana, porque es un ecosistema estratégico, para la dinámica hidrológica del tercer sistema ribereño más importante del mundo: La cuenca del Orinoco.Palabras clave: ecosistemas, flora, fauna, Orinoco, regulación hídrica. AbstractFlooded savannas are 12.5% of the Orinoco basin, a strategic ecosystem of great economical, biological, and ecologic importance. The aim of our study was to update and inform the reader on the state of knowledge of the ecosystems associated to flooded savannas of the Colombian Orinoquia. We worked on the following theme categories: ecosystem 254ORINOQUIA -Universidad de los Llanos -Villavicencio, Meta. Colombia Vol. 19 -No 2 -Año 2015 studies, flora and fauna, sustainable conservation and use, planning and management tools, and environmental education. We analyzed information according to publication type: scientific paper, book, book chapter, technical report, theses, and summaries. We included a total of 159 publications. 53% of the literature has been officially published, while the remaining 47% is still unpublished. The largest amount of publications corresponds to ecological studies, and flora and fauna (68%). In general, we conside...
Accelerated degradation of the wetlands and fragmentation of surrounding vegetation in the Andean–Orinoco Piedmont are the main threats to diversity and ecological integrity of these ecosystems; however, information on this topic is of limited availability. In this region, we evaluated the value of 37 lentic wetlands as reservoirs of woody and aquatic plants and analyzed diversity and changes in species composition within and among groups defined according to management given by: (1) type (swamps, heronries, rice fields, semi-natural lakes, constructed lakes and fish farms) and (2) origins (natural, mixed and artificial). A total of 506 plant species were recorded: 80% woody and 20% aquatic. Of these, 411 species (81%) were considered species typical of the area (Meta Piedmont distribution). Diversity patterns seem to be driven by high landscape heterogeneity and wetland management. The fish farms presented the highest diversity of woody plants, while swamps ranked highest for aquatic plant diversity. Regarding wetland origin, the artificial systems were the most diverse, but natural wetlands presented the highest diversity of typical species and can therefore be considered representative ecosystems at the regional scale. Our results suggest that lentic wetlands act as refuges for native vegetation of Meta Piedmont forest, hosting 55% of the woody of Piedmont species and 29% of the aquatic species of Orinoco basin. The wetlands showed a high species turnover and the results indicated that small wetlands (mean ± SD: size = 11 ± 18.7 ha), with a small area of surrounding forest (10 ± 8.6 ha) supported high local and regional plant diversity. To ensure long-term conservation of lentic wetlands, it is necessary to develop management and conservation strategies that take both natural and created wetlands into account.
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