Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas em crianças na dentição decídua e possíveis fatores etiológicos associados. Métodos: Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética – CEP/UESPI (3.289.732), o estudo transversal foi realizado em 360 crianças com idade entre 2 a 6 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, divididas em dois grupos: G1 (com lesões cervicais) e G2 (sem lesões cervicais). Foi aplicado um questionário aos pais, seguido do exame clínico das crianças. Foram consideradas lesões detectadas pelo tato e visualmente. Foram realizadas avaliações das médias e dos desvios padrão para variáveis quantitativas. Obteve-se porcentagens e frequências, realizando-se análises de associação entre as variáveis qualitativas a partir do qui-quadrado e comparação da idade média a partir do teste t (p < 0,05). Resultados: Somente lesões do tipo abfração foram encontradas na amostra (5%) e os indivíduos de raça branca apresentaram uma maior prevalência em relação aos demais (55,5%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001) e essas lesões foram identificadas somente em escolas privadas. Quanto ao sexo, em G1, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, (p = 0,01) com maior prevalência no masculino (66,7%). Os dentes mais acometidos em ordem decrescente foram os caninos e incisivos centrais superiores seguidos dos caninos e incisivos centrais inferiores. Conclusão: A prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas, do tipo abfração, em crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade foi de 5%, tendo sido encontradas somente em escolas privadas, com predominância no sexo masculino. Houve associação entre a abfração e o tipo de escova utilizada na escovação dentária, apresentando maior frequência de lesões quando escovas duras eram utilizadas e escovação forte era executada.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in childrenbetween 2 to 6 years old in primary dentition in a public school(A1) and a private school (A2) in the state of Piauí. Method: Itwas cross-sectional and quantitative study in 370 participants,180 in A1 and 190 in A2. The questionnaire to help diagnosebruxism was applied to parents. In the clinical examination,dental wear was evaluated, checking for the presence ofshiny and polished facets on deciduous incisors and / ormolars (palatal surface, incisal edges and working cusps)and the results were noted in the odontogram. Students whohad bruxism participated in group 1 (G1) and those who didnot have it were in the control group (CG) in both A1 and A2.Results: One hundred and five children had sleep bruxism.Tooth wear was more prevalent in the male gender. Both in A1and in A2 and in both genders, wear on primary molars wasmore frequent than in canines. Conclusion: The prevalence ofbruxism in children between 2 and 6 years of age was 28.3%,with a predominance in males. There was an associationbetween sleep bruxism and the habit of sucking a finger,pacifier, bottle use and the habit of awake bruxism. In 98.09%of the children who had sleep bruxism, teeth pain was found.

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e capacitação dos cirurgiões-dentistas da rede privada de um município piauiense sobre o atendimento de pacientes com necessidades odontológicas especiais (PNOE) e dificuldades do profissional nesse tipo de atendimento. Material e Método: Estudo do tipo transversal, com coleta de dados realizada entre agosto e dezembro de 2019, com cirurgiões-dentistas da rede privada do município de Parnaíba-PI. O questionário aplicado abordou tópicos como a dificuldade no atendimento de PNOE, experiências sobre o tema na graduação, qualificação profissional e percepção sobre essa área da odontologia. Resultados: Todos os entrevistados (n=158) já atenderam PNOE, sendo que 78 participantes cursaram a disciplina de odontologia para PNOE durante a graduação e 51 realizaram algum curso de pós-graduação sobre o tema. Foi constatada uma influência positiva no nível de preparo do atendimento daqueles participantes que cursaram a disciplina ou que realizaram cursos de pós-graduação. Conclusão: Todos os cirurgiões-dentistas investigados já vivenciaram a experiência em atender PNOE. A maioria não cursou a disciplina na graduação e não fez pós-graduação para adquirir conhecimento para atendê-los, mas consideravam-se preparados devido à experiência adquirida durante mais de 10 anos de exercício da profissão e julgam a especialização OPNE necessária para capacitar o profissional à assistência destes pacientes.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and predisposing factors for hypomineralization of second molars in children in primary dentition. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to parents to analyze predisposing factors and to assist in the diagnosis of hypomineralization in children between 2 and 6 years old, followed by an intraoral examination based on indices of non-fluorotic enamel defects in the primary dentition, according to the “Modified Index DDE” to determine demarcated opacity and HSPM presence / severity index to assess hypomineralization. Children from public and private schools were dived into two groups: if they presented HSPM-Group 1 (G1) and if they did not have HSPM-Control group (CG). Results: The most frequent predisposing factors associated with the child were Illness in the first year of life (X2= 6.49; p=0.01) and antibiotic use in the first year of life (X2= 41.82; p= 0.01). The factors associated with the mother were hypertension (X2= 9.36; p=0.01), infections during pregnancy (X2=14.80; p=0.01) and alcohol consumption during pregnancy (X2=97.33; p=0.01). There was a prevalence of 3.9% of HSPM in 14 children, with statistical difference regarding gender (X2 = 4.57; p <0.05), with boys presenting a higher frequency. In G1 hypomineralization was of the type with demarcated opacity, with more prevalent characteristics the yellowish spot, with moderate post-eruptive fracture and acceptable atypical restorations. All lesions were located in the labial region with 1/3 of extension. Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in children between 2 and 6 years old was 3.9%, with a predominance in males, with tooth 65 being the most affected. There was an association between HSPM and infection in the first year of life, as well as the use of antibiotics and sensitivity in the teeth affected by the lesion. There was an association between HSPM and hypertension, infection and mothers' alcohol use during pregnancy.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of caries in primary dentition in preschoolers in Parnaíba, Brazil and identify associated factors. Material and Methods: The sample studies were children in primary dentition aged between two and six years. Both the children and their parents or guardians agreed to the child’s participation in the study. Those preschoolers with syndromes or special needs, those who did not tolerate the dental examination and those with a fixed orthodontic appliance were excluded. The questionnaire was completed by a parent or guardian of each child and the 360 children’s teeth were examined, using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The data were dichotomized as presence of cavity related to caries - caries free and non-cavitated lesions (ICDAS 0, 1 and 2) and cavitated lesions (ICDAS ≥3).The presence of early childhood caries was determined and cavitation of the carious process was evaluated. Indications for necessary extraction of any primary teeth due to the carious process were noted. Results: The prevalence of caries in our sample of two to five-year-old children was 43.3% (p<0.05), with no significant difference between ages or genders. The majority of children (84.6%) presented with caries in two or more teeth. Only 15.38% of these children had caries in a single tooth. The most commonly affected tooth was number 75, followed by teeth 55, 54 and 84. The prevalence of caries in preschoolers was found to be correlated with low socioeconomic status and poor quality of life. Conclusion: The prevalence of caries in preschool children was 43.3%. Several factors were associated with dental caries in primary dentition. Children with caries were unlikely to use dental floss or brush their tongues, were only taken for dental treatment when they experienced oral pain and had parents who did not consider brushing teeth after a meal to be important.