VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DO CULTIVO IRRIGADO DA MELANCIA NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ1 FRANCISCO DAS CHAGAS DE ANDRADE PORTO NUNES2; FRANCISCO EDINALDO PINTO MOUSINHO3; JOSÉ ROBERTO DE OLIVEIRA4; CARLOS JOSÉ GONÇALVES DE SOUZA LIMA5 E VALBER MENDES FERREIRA5 1 Parte da dissertação apresentada pelo autor ao programa de pós graduação em Agronomia/CCA-UFPI, Teresina-PI.2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Mestre em Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Teresina, PI, francisco.porto17@gmail.com;3 Prof. Doutor, CTT-UFPI, Teresina-PI;4 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Mestre em Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Teresina, PI;5 Prof. Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Solos, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI; 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho elaborar simulações de possíveis cenários de receitas líquidas para estudo da viabilidade econômica do cultivo irrigado da melancia no Estado do Piauí. A partir da série de dados históricos de precipitações pluviométricas proveniente de 15 anos de coleta, foram avaliados os seguintes cenários: três capacidades de armazenamento de água pelo solo – CAD (20 mm; 40 mm; e 60 mm) e doze épocas de semeaduras (01/01; 01/02; 01/03; 01/04; 01/05; 01/06; 01/07; 01/08; 01/09; 01/10; 01/11; 01/12).Os rendimentos relativos da cultura da melancia foram estimados a partir das combinações entre CAD e épocas de semeadura levando em consideração o fator de resposta da cultura ao déficit hídrico (Ky). Os custos totais de produção da melancia foram simulados através da soma do custo de implantação da cultura e do consumo de energia elétrica (kWh) do sistema de irrigação necessário para reposição das lâminas brutas. Os resultados indicaram que as maiores receitas foram encontradas no 1º trimestre, sendo que janeiro na CAD de 20 mm a área que obteve receitas acima de R$ 4000,00 ha-1 está localizada na região norte do estado e corresponde a 0,54% do território piauiense. Na CAD de 40 mm, esta área aumentou pra 1,70% do território no centro-norte e norte do estado e na CAD de 60 mm, 6,80% do território distribuídas entre as regiões norte, centro-norte e sudeste do estado. No mês de fevereiro as receitas líquidas acima de R$ 4000,00 ha-1 representaram 7,77% do Estado (regiões centro-norte e norte), na CAD de 20 mm. Esse valor aumentou para, 12,18% na CAD de 40 mm (regiões centro-norte, norte e sudoeste) e 17,23% na CAD de 60 mm (regiões centro-norte, norte e sudoeste). Em março essa área foi de 5,06%, na CAD de 20 mm (regiões centro-norte e norte) e triplicou na CAD de 60 mm com um total de 15,62% (centro-norte e norte). A época de semeadura 1° de fevereiro foi a que obteve as maiores receitas líquidas, assim como, as maiores áreas com as maiores receitas em todas as CAD’s, com destaque para a CAD de 60 mm que obteve um percentual de 17,23% (do território piauiense) superando os meses de janeiro (6,80%) e março (15,62%), na mesma CAD. A utilização da irrigação no cultivo de melancia mostrou-se viável em todo o Estado do Piauí, para todas as combinações de épocas de semeadura e CAD. As receitas líquidas variaram em todo o Estado de Piauí em função da época de semeadura, CAD e local de cultivo. Palavras-chave: Citrullus lanatus; espacialização; receitas líquidas; balanço hídrico. NUNES, F. C. A. P.; MOUSINHO, F. E. P.; OLIVEIRA, J.R DE.;LIMA, C. J. G. S.; FERREIRA, V. M.ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF IRRIGATION WATERMELON IN THE STATE OF PIAUÍ 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the economic viability of irrigation in watermelon production process in the state of Piauí, taking into account historical data of rainfall, three water storage capacities by soil and different dates of sowing, these being the first day of each month of the year. Based on historical records of rainfall, obtained from the Northeast Development Superintendence (SUDENE) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), collected in 165 localities, the water balance of the culture was simulated in daily scale and gross irrigation levels were determined through spreadsheets with a computational routine in the basic visual programming language (Macros) linked to Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheet, through the Monte Carlo method. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated in daily scale according to the methodology proposed by Thornthwaite (1948). The relative yields of watermelon crop were estimated based on crop combinations, location, available water capacity in the soil and sowing dates taking into account the crop response factor to the culture water deficit (Ky). The total costs of watermelon production were simulated by adding the cost of the culture implantation and electricity consumption (kWh) of the irrigation system required to replace gross irrigation levels. After the simulation of yields and total production costs, the net revenue of the culture was determined for all locations and sowing dates. Spring 5.2.7 software was used to spatialize, through thematic maps, the net revenues. Based on the analysis of the thematic maps, it was concluded that: the sowing date February 1 was the one with the higher net income, as well as the areas with largest revenues. The use of irrigation in watermelon cultivation proved to be feasible in the entire state of Piauí, for all combinations of sowing dates, CAD and planting site. The net revenue varied throughout the state of Piauí depending on sowing time, CAD and place of cultivation. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus; spatial; net revenue; Monte Carlo.
In semi-arid regions, inadequate management of irrigation in watermelon crops greatly increases yield losses. As a result, we sought to reg ionalize irrigation slides necessary for watermelon cultivation in the State of Piauí, considering different sowing times and soils with different water retention capacities. Irrigation slides were determined by the crop water balance, considering a historical series of fifteen years, originating from daily pluviometric precipitation records in 165 sites of this region. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and the respective crude irrigation slides were estimated on a daily scale for each site. Then, the crude irrigation slides were spatialized to the entire target region through a routine performed in Excel and later using the SPRING software, depending on the available water capacity in the soil and the date of sowing. Seeding dates with the need for minor irrigation slides for watermelon cultivation in Piauí were January 1st, February 1st and March 1st and in relation to sowing dates, the largest irrigation slides were verified on August 1st, September 1st and October 1st. Regionalized irrigation sheets varied according to the available water capacity in the soil and date of planting.
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