Background:The plastic surgeon frequently performs reconstructions of diverse types of cutaneous defects; thus, it is essential to be versatile and have knowledge of appropriate techniques for each case. The rhomboid transposition flap, proposed by Alexander Limberg, is an extremely useful flap for a wide range of reconstructive procedures. This study aims to demonstrate the versatility, safety, and applicability of Limberg's flap for reconstruction of cutaneous losses located in a wide variety of body segments. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with different cutaneous defects that had been reconstructed with the rhomboid flap was performed. A description of the surgical technique and a critical analysis of the results are presented. Results: The average age of the patients was 59.6 years. Neo plastic lesions accounted for most of the cases (84%). The face was the most frequently affected area, accounting for 36 (72%) cases; it was followed by the lumbosacral region (8%) and by the dorsal and inguinoscrotal regions (6%). Complications were observed in 4 (8%) patients. Conclusions: The rhomboid flap provides safe and predictable outcomes, and is the method of choice for most of the defects found.Keywords: Surgical flaps. Reconstructive surgical procedures/methods. Surgery, plastic/ methods. RESUMO Introdução:O cirurgião plástico frequentemente defrontase com a reparação dos mais diversos tipos de defeitos cutâneos; logo, é imprescindível que possua o conhecimento de técnicas versáteis e apropriadas para cada caso. O retalho romboide de transposição, proposto por Alexander Limberg, é um retalho extremamente útil para os mais diversos tipos de reconstrução. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a versatilidade, a segurança e a aplicabilidade do retalho de Limberg para reconstrução de perdas cutâneas localizadas nos mais diversos segmentos corporais. Método: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de 50 pacientes apresentando defeitos cutâneos, dos mais variados tipos, reconstruídos com o retalho romboide. A descrição da técnica cirúrgica e uma análise crítica dos resultados são apresentadas. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 59,6 anos. As lesões neoplásicas foram responsáveis pela maioria dos casos (84%). A face foi a área mais envol vida nas reconstruções, totalizando 36 (72%) casos, seguida da região lombossacral (8%), e do dorso e da região inguinoscrotal (6%). Complicações foram observadas em 4 (8%) pacientes. Conclusões: O retalho romboide propicia resultados seguros e previsíveis, sendo a alternativa para a maioria dos defeitos encontrados.Descritores: Retalhos cirúrgicos. Procedimentos cirúrgicos reconstrutivos/métodos. Cirur gia plástica/métodos.

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Background:The upper and lower lips represent the most important functional and aesthetic anatomical structures of the lower segment of the face. Given the complex functions of these structures, reconstruction of labial defects presents a challenge for plastic surgeons. Methods: Thirty patients with full-thickness lower lip defects underwent lip reconstruction according to the extent of the defect after tumor resection. Results: Six (20%) patients presented lesions of up to 30% of the total lip surface that required primary closure. Eighteen (60%) patients had lesions of 30-80% of the total area of the lower lip that were repaired using a myomucosal flap; in 14 of these patients, bilateral skin flaps were also used due to cutaneous involvement associated with the resection. Five (16.6%) patients had lesions on the lower lip that were adjacent to the oral commissure; therefore, they underwent reconstruction using an Abbé-Estlander flap with a myomucosal flap and bilateral skin flaps. One (3.5%) patient had a lesion covering 90% of the lower lip that was reconstructed using the Webster-Bernard technique and a tongue flap. Conclusions: Here, we present a simplified, systematic, and literature-based strategy for planning lower lip reconstructions that employs effective and reproducible techniques, which can be used for training resident physicians in the treatment of complex lower lip lesions according to the extent of tissue loss, thereby yielding appropriate aesthetic and functional results.Keywords: Lip/surgery. Surgical flaps. Reconstructive surgical procedures. RESUMO Introdução:Os lábios superiores e inferiores representam as estruturas anatômicas funcionais e estéticas mais importantes do segmento inferior da face. Além disso, possuem funções complexas, sendo a reconstrução de defeitos labiais um desafio ao cirurgião plástico. Método: Trinta pacientes apresentando defeitos de espessura total do lábio inferior foram submetidos a reconstrução do lábio baseada na extensão dos defeitos após exérese tumoral. Resultados: Seis (20%) pacientes apresentavam lesões de até 30% da superfície total do lábio, sendo realizado fechamento primário. Dezoito (60%) pacientes apresentavam lesões de 30% a 80% da superfície total do lábio inferior, sendo realizado retalho miomucoso de vermelhão; em 14 desses pacientes, em decorrência da perda cutânea associada à ressecção, foi associado retalho cutâneo mentolabial. Cinco (16,6%) pacientes tinham lesões no lábio inferior e comissura oral adjacente, sendo submetidos a reconstrução pela técnica This study was performed at

Use of skin flaps for nasal reconstruction after neoplastic resection Use of skin flaps for nasal reconstruction after neoplastic resection Uso de retalho cutâneo para reconstrução nasal após ressecção neoplásica ABSTRACT Background: Nasal reconstruction is always a challenge for the plastic surgeon. Loss of nasal mass is mainly caused by resection of skin cancers. Among the several available alternatives for covering the skin, skin flaps are the first cosmetic and functional choice. This study has 2 objectives: (1) to report the experiences of the Plastic Surgery Service of São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil) in the reconstruction of nasal mass losses that resulted from tumor resection and (2) to describe the most commonly used skin flaps used for defect repair according to the anatomic subunit. Methods: This study analyzed 103 nasal skin flaps used in the reconstruction of 102 nasal mass losses that resulted from tumor resection in 96 patients who underwent surgery between December 2008 and December 2011. Mass losses were mapped according to the anatomic subunits described by Burget and Menick. Moreover, the number of times each strategy was chosen for the reconstruction of the different subunits was recorded. Results: Most of the patients were men (51%), and the average age of the analyzed group was 64.7 years. Basal cell carcinoma was the most prevalent skin cancer (85.3%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (5.9%). The bilobed flap was commonly used for nasal alar lobule reconstruction (44%); V-Y advancement for the lateral region (72%); extended glabellar for the nasal dorsum (59.2%); bilobed for the nasal tip (46.2%); and glabellar for the nasal roof as well as in the cases mentioned above. Conclusions: Several surgical procedures are used for nasal reconstruction following tumor resection. The most suitable strategy should be chosen according to the patient in order to maintain the contours and nasal anatomy, as described by Burget and Menick.