In this work, an oxidation‐responsive thioether‐functionalized poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) is reported, which is synthesized via reversible‐addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization using 6‐(methylthio)hexyl acrylate or 2‐(methylthio)ethyl acrylate as comonomers and S‐ethyl‐S′‐(a,a′‐dimethyl‐a″‐acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as RAFT agent, investigating the influence over the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the random thioether functionalities, prior and upon oxidation. The hydrophobic thioethers shift the LCST values of the resulting copolymers to very low temperatures, but the value could be regulated upon oxidation due to the huge increase in dipolar moment. The resulting copolymers containing hydrophilic sulfoxides show much higher LCST values, reaching a difference of up to 23 °C after oxidation. Results are supported by 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography, and turbidimetry measurements.
Heart rate (HR) is an essential indicator of health in the human body. It measures the number of times per minute that the heart contracts or beats. An irregular heartbeat can signify a severe health condition, so monitoring heart rate periodically can help prevent heart complications. This paper presents a novel wearable sensing approach for remote HR measurement by a compact resistance-to-microcontroller interface circuit. A heartbeat’s signal can be detected by a Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) attached to the body near large arteries (such as the carotid or radial), which expand their area each time the heart expels blood to the body. Depending on how the sensor interfaces with the subject, the FSR changes its electrical resistance every time a pulse is detected. By placing the FSR in a direct interface circuit, those resistance variations can be measured directly by a microcontroller without using either analog processing stages or an analog-to-digital converter. In this kind of interface, the self-heating of the sensor is avoided, since the FSR does not require any voltage or bias current. The proposed system has a sampling rate of 50 Sa/s, and an effective resolution of 10 bits (200 mΩ), enough for obtaining well-shaped cardiac signals and heart rate estimations in real time by the microcontroller. With this approach, the implementation of wearable systems in health monitoring applications is more feasible.
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