No abstract

The dramatic changes that emerged after the start of the Industrial Revolution helped that solutions be sought repeatedly to different problems that were happening, one after another, as a result of overcrowding and sociopolitical and economic changes. Advances in the field of science, and particularly in the health sciences, were innumerable, settling in society marked by a concern to solve the problems of the lower classes. In the field of health, were gradually leaving positions anchored in the models based on the "miasma", moving to build on the model's hand microbial Pasteur and Lister. These findings were taken to the architecture gradually giving way to buildings that sought to maintain a hygienic environment that disease exiled inside the "walls of hospitals. " Example of this struggle was conducted by the nurse Florence Nightingale, thanks to the observation and their knowledge acquired in the Kaiserswerth Deaconess Institute in Germany and the Maison de la Providence of the Sisters of Charity of Paris, managed to establish a set of guidelines that applied to the establishment managed, Scutari Hospital during the Crimean War.Key words: Nightingale, hospital, hygiene, architecture, Scutari. RESUMOAs dramáticas mudanças que surgiram após o início da Revolução Industrial ajudou a que as soluções ser procurado várias vezes para diferentes problemas que estavam acontecendo, um após o outro, como resultado de mudanças superlotação e sócio-político e econômico. Os avanços no campo da ciência, e em particular nas ciências da saúde, foram inúmeros, fixando-se em sociedade marcada por uma preocupação de resolver os

This text aims to offer an approach to architecture for healing and care, reviewing the different architectural models, since the fifteenth century have been developed throughout the history of humanity to respond to the needs of health have sprung up to the new examples that arise after their own scientific discoveries of the nineteenth century, a shift in the conception of the hospital building. The brief tour of the hospital architecture, which focuses on the European scene also addresses the importance presented at the time, and has survived until today, the figure of Florence Nightingale, in the Anglo-Saxon environment, such as the rest of the planet.

La estructura tiende a pasar desapercibida, encontrándose debajo de los suelos, detrás de las paredes, pero posee la capacidad de liberar o coartar al proyecto arquitectónico. El desarrollo del hormigón armado supuso un cambio fundamental en el desarrollo de nuevas estructuras, generando nuevas tipologías arquitectónicas y aportando flexibilidad a las nuevas construcciones del siglo XX. La tipología hospitalaria de este siglo es modelo a la hora de demostrar la importancia que tiene la estructura dentro del proyecto arquitectónico. Se trata de un tipo arquitectónico que alberga en su interior una gran diversidad de actividades, y donde el desarrollo técnico juega un papel determinante. Es por ello, que la estructura aparece en algunos ejemplos como en el caso del Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, desarrollado por Eduardo Torroja y Manuel Sánchez Arcas, como generadora de un ritmo continuo, de una base, donde encajar la variabilidad de los espacios y dar origen a un edificio multidisciplinar capaz de transformarse y permanecer a lo largo del tiempo. Así, el objeto de estudio de este artículo es relatar justificadamente como esta estructura ha permitido el uso continuado a lo largo de más de 80 años de este edificio, a pesar de los cambios permanentes que requiere una construcción de estas características.

Nightingale, el 'espacio para el cuidado' y su influencia en la arquitectura de hospitalesNightingale, the 'space for care' and its influence on hospital architecture Nightingale, o 'espaço do cuidado' e sua influência na arquitetura hospitalar