An extensive field survey was undertaken during the 2003 to 2005 growing seasons to assess the prevalence and incidence of foliar fungal and bacterial diseases affecting dry bean in North Dakota. A total of 250 fields were inspected during the three years of survey. The most prevalent diseases were common bacterial blight, white mold, and bacterial brown spot. Common bacterial blight was prevalent in nearly 100% of the fields inspected in all three years, with a mean incidence of 54%. White mold was observed in 75% of the fields scouted, with a mean incidence of 16%. Bacterial brown spot and halo blight affected 31% and 1% of the fields surveyed, respectively. Rust and anthracnose were observed only in 2003 and 2005, affecting 15% and 5% of the fields inspected across both years, respectively. This survey information on the occurrence and severity of diseases affecting dry bean should help prioritize future research needs and breeding programs. Accepted for publication 7 June 2006. Published 15 September 2006.

Some communities have moved from the countryside to the city for different reasons, sometimes they have managed to settle in slums and some people go to agricultural production inside the city for their support, by means of a knowledge they bring from the countryside, seeking a place offering them useful resources to produce food, in this sense, urban agriculture as an alternative livelihood and occupation, has a symbolic value, since it is a survival strategy for families [3]. For this reason, this study was carried out within the macro project “Implementación del proyecto educativo comunitario salud alimentaria y productiva en el desarrollo sustentable de la invasión de la carrilera, corregimiento Campoalegre del municipio de Tuluá” (translated: “Implementation of the community educational project, food and productive health in the sustainable development of the invasion community La Carrilera, Campoalegre district of the municipality of Tuluá”), of the Health, Care and Society research groups; GIUR and Agricultural Production, which supported the characterization of the sociodemographic, cultural, environmental and agroecological components in the community of “La Carrilera” that aimed to evaluate and to identify the problems and needs of the study population, through the implementation of surveys, measurement of the biological quality of water based on the methodology used by IDEAM, Roldán and Shannon-Weaver, and the characterization of organic solid waste where the method defined by Marmolejo was implemented, resulting in the identification of the different social groups that make up the community, the occupation of women, the economic income of families, among others. In addition, the high levels of water pollution were manifested with a diversity index of 0.83, indicating the low diversity in the tributary of the community, also the BMWP index presented that the quality of the waters is critical and doubtful, and finally obtained an organic waste production of 60.1% identifying that mainly fruit and vegetable waste is produced. Subsequently, from the diagnosis obtained, some intervention strategies were determined for the conservation of the water resource and sustainable management practices for the use and transformation of organic waste in the study population, which allows adopting urban agriculture and contributing to sustainable development of the sector in the municipality of Tuluá, Valle del Cauca.

<p align="left">Los AV inciden positivamente sobre propiedades fisicas, quimicas y biologicas del suelo, entre ellas, la expresion de la MA. En un <em>Humic Dystrudepts </em>en zona montanosa de Palmira (Valle) se establecieron cinco tratamientos: Testigo (T), Fertilizacion de sintesis quimica industrial (FQ), Abono verde (AV), Compost (C) y, Abono verde+Compost (AV+C), en un arreglo de bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones. Como AV se intercalaron <em>Canavalia ensiformis </em>L. y <em>Axonopus scoparius </em>F., se cosecharon en prefloracion de la leguminosa, incorporaron y se hizo una primera siembra de maiz, variedad ICA V-354, monitoreado durante 150 dias, hasta epoca de llenado de mazorca, cuando se evaluo longitud de micelio externo total, LMET (Tecnica del filtro de membrana y metodo del intercepto de Miller and Jastrow), aquel vivo y activo, LMEV (succinato-deshidrogenasa, Hamel <em>et al</em>., 1990) y, porcentaje de colonizacion por arbusculos (Phillips y Hayman, 1980, descrita por Sieverding, 1983 y adaptada para este cultivo, Sanchez <em>et al., </em>2010). El analisis de varianza (software SASR versión 9.1.3) mostro que LMET, LMEV y % de arbusculos presentaron diferencias altamente significativas entre tratamientos. Mayor LMET, coincidio con incrementos en LMEV, colonizacion por arbusculos y, se presento en AV+C, seguido por AV, C y T, que no variaron entre si, y, los mas bajos en FQ. La coincidencia de estas tres variables, indicaria que a traves de LMET y especialmente, LMEV se esta absorbiendo y transportando P al interior de las plantas, y este suministro, coincidente con mayor % de colonizacion por arbusculos, senala la ruta del P en la conjuncion suelo-planta-fertilizacion organica,con sus consecuencias sobre la economía del agroecosistema y del agricultor.</p>

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