Purpose The main purpose of this article is to assess the nutritional and economic efficiency of food loss and waste (FLW) along the supply of 13 food categories included in the Spanish food basket by means of the definition of a new method which combines two indexes. MethodsThe Nutrient Rich Foods index and the economic food loss and waste (EFLW) index were combined by means of linear programming to obtain the Nutritional Cost Footprint (NCF) indicator under a life cycle perspective. The functional unit used was the daily supply of food for a Spanish citizen in year 2015. Results and discussionResults showed that vegetables and cereals were the food categories most affected by the inefficiencies in the food supply chain under a nutritional perspective, being agricultural production and household consumption the main stages in which the nutritional content of food is lost or wasted. Moreover, according to the NCF index, vegetables represented 27% of total nutritional-economic wastage throughout the entire Spanish agri-food chain. They are followed by fruits, which add up to 19%. Hence, specific food waste management strategies should be established for these specific products and supply stages. Finally, the sensitivity analysis performed highlighted that results were mostly independent from the importance attributed to either nutritional or economic variables. ConclusionsThe methodology described in this study proposes an indicator quantifying the nutritional-economic cost of different food categories in the Spanish food basket. This NCF indicator makes it possible to define reduction strategies to promote the use of food waste fractions for waste-to-energy valorization approaches or the extraction of different types of pharmacological, chemical or cosmetic compounds.

No abstract

The self-learning methodology in simulated environments (MAES©) is an active method of education. The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions and opinions of undergraduate and graduate nursing students about the self-learning methodology in simulated environments. A mixed, cross-sectional, descriptive study based on a survey tool made ad hoc (quantitative approach) and an open questionnaire (qualitative approach) was carried out. A sample of 149 undergraduate and 25 postgraduate nursing students were tested. The score was high for all the variables of the questionnaire analyzed: for perception of simulation performance, M = 73.5 (SD = 14.5), for motivation, M = 23.9 (SD = 5.9), for the opinion about facilitators, M = 25.9 (SD = 4.5), and for the promotion of team work, M = 16.9 (SD = 3.4). Five dimensions were identified and evaluated in the qualitative research. The students were pleased with MAES© and had a positive perception, since they considered that MAES© increased their learning.

AimTo examine the influence of health care provider's communication skills on the quality of care perceived by Emergency Department patients.BackgroundCommunication between patients and health care providers in the context of Emergency Department is challenging and can potentially have a negative impact on the quality of care perceived by patients.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study conducted in the Emergency Department at the University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca of Murcia, Spain.MethodData were collected from 6 to 9 June 2016. Different instruments were used to evaluate the perception of patients on the communication skills and quality of care at the Emergency Department.ResultsThe sample was composed of 200 patients, with an average age of 44.1 (SD = 18.3), of which 106 (53%) were men. The multiple linear regression analysis showed the association between communication skills (respect, problem solving, and nonverbal communication) and age with the quality of care perceived by the patients.ConclusionsWe found that the communication skills of the health care providers were explanatory variables of the quality of care perceived in an Emergency Department.

Objetivo principal: Conocer los sentimientos sobre la muerte en estudiantes de grado de enfermería que aún no han iniciado su prácticum en entornos asistenciales reales. Metodología: Estudio observacional de tres cohortes con análisis de pregunta abierta. La Escala de Miedo a la Muerte de Collet-Lester, el Cuestionario de factores para ayudar a morir en paz y un cuestionario con 6 preguntas abiertas fueron completados por 197 estudiantes de segundo curso de Grado de Enfermería. Resultados principales: Los estudiantes reconocen tener miedo de enfrentar la muerte en el prácticum, principalmente temen que les afecte personalmente, la reacción del paciente, el contacto con la muerte y el no saber qué hacer. Conclusión principal: Los estudiantes consideran que la muerte es algo muy presente en su profesión, expresan temer enfrentarse a ella en el prácticum, mayoritariamente reconocen no tener suficientes estrategias de afrontamiento y les gustaría recibir más formación para saber cómo afrontarla.