This study analyzes the influence of the urban hydraulic infrastructure behavior, the soil typology and the characterization of the hydrogeological zonal risks, proposing constructive dispositions and procedures, which will increase the reliability of the pipes consisting of a fragile nature, guaranteeing the service continuity even during seismic events with intensity higher than VII (IMM). That would greatly reduce the degree of vulnerability of the urban hydraulic infrastructure, especially in the case of Southeast Spain, which presents a high risk of seismic intensity. Although the effects on the vulnerability of pipelines, of the displacement of the ground, such as fault movements, settlements and lateral expansions, have been widely studied and analyzed, there is no comprehensive methodology, incorporating other factors related to the Management of the infrastructure, and therefore a general application method is proposed that will evaluate in addition to the effects according to the soil typology and the hydrogeological characteristics zonal (hydrological hazard, seismic hazard, and specific hydrogeological factors), the typology of the infrastructure linear hydraulic, based on operational analysis, that allows to correlate the behavior of the soils and the possible affectation in the potable water pipes, thus serving as planning element and preventive tool for the mitigation of damages.

In the present investigation, the development and implementation of different typologies of elements and devices that increase the reliability of pipes of a fragile nature is proposed. This ensures continuity of a drinking water supply and sewerage, which is especially necessary during and after natural disasters related to hydrology and seismicity, and is even more necessary to alleviate its adverse effects. Drinking water supply and sanitation networks, as basic elements of urban water infrastructure, can generate a high degree of vulnerability in the case of a seismic movement or an episode of heavy rain, which requires the adoption of new designs of elements or devices and resilient materials to absorb the stresses generated and the mechanical loads occurring during such risk episodes. Experience has shown that the piping of metallic materials (ductile iron, steel, and other alloys), and reinforced concrete, although more rigid than plastic pipes (polyethylene, PVC, fiberglass reinforced polyester PRFV), has a capacity to absorb movements, which is mainly due to the one provided by the unions, since it generates a flexibility as a whole (pipe and joints) that improves the behavior of the system (increases "ductility") that decreases the vulnerability of linear hydraulic infrastructures. The selection, analysis and application of these elements is fundamental to improving the reliability of these basic urban infrastructures, especially in areas exposed to hydrogeological risks, such as Southeastern Spain with a moderate probability of seismic events of an intensity higher than VII, and with episodes of intense rains of torrential nature, and their derived risks. The increase in the resilience provided by these elements or devices will increase the operational reliability of the linear hydraulic system of potable water and sewage, reducing the degree of vulnerability of the same, and mitigating economic, social and environmental damages.

ResumenLos mercados de agua son unos instrumentos habilitados desde la Administración para minorar las presiones ejercidas sobre el escaso recurso. Cuentan con una importante regulación jurídica, que ha sido objeto de análisis y estudio por diversos expertos, también se ha evaluado su impacto económico, pero no han sido analizados de forma particular con el mismo interés los aspectos medioambientales que su implementación podría ocasionar tanto sobre las cuencas cedentes como receptoras. Por otra parte, la carestía del recurso hídrico en muchas zonas de España condiciona el uso de aguas regeneradas previamente tratadas, como fuente complementaria al regadío. En este trabajo se plantean los impactos ambientales que la puesta en marcha de un mercado de agua origina con especial énfasis en la transferencia de aguas que proceden de tratamiento y por la realización de infraestructuras. AbstractWater markets are a fitted out instruments from the Administration in order to minimize the applied pressures over this limited resource. They include an important legal regulation. This legal regulation has been analysed and studied from different experts. Moreover, its economic impact has been evaluated. Nevertheless, the environmental aspects about its implementation in the assignment basins and the receptor basins have not been particularly analysed. In the other hand, the lack of water resources in several Spanish zones determines the use of regenerated water previously treated as a complementary source for irrigation. In this work, the environmental impacts of the start-up of a water market are presented. Specifically, the impacts about water transfer from treatment and the development of infrastructures are remarked.

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