The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between self-reported life satisfaction, self-rated health, gender, and age in adolescents. 1,141 secondary school students aged between 12 and 17 participated in our study. The data were analyzed using bivariate and nonlinear canonical correlation analyses. The results of the bivariate correlation analysis support the results of previous studies. Life satisfaction was positively correlated with same-day perceived health (r = .37; p < .01) and negatively correlated with anxiety/depression (r = –.37; p < .01). Same-day perceived health was positively correlated with health in the past 12 months (r = .38; p < .01) and negatively correlated with pain/discomfort (r = –.32; p < .01) and with anxiety/depression (r = –.32; p < .01). The nonlinear canonical correlation analysis provided further evidence of the relationship between the variables, suggesting the complementarity of the indicators of self-rated health analyzed. Multiple fit values showed that demographic variables age (.61) and gender (.56) were the variables with the best discriminatory power. Graphically, two groups of related variables were displayed. A non-linear analysis better explains the relationships between the variables analyzed, showing that age and gender have a high level of discriminatory power for life satisfaction and self-rated health, suggesting a role as a moderator in the relationship between health and well-being variables.
Los Exámenes de Alternativa Múltiple (EAM) son la forma más popular de evaluar la adquisición de conocimiento. Elaborar un EAM entraña cierta complejidad; sin embargo, rara vez se analiza en qué grado los EAM cumplen los criterios de calidad exigibles a estas pruebas (p.e., en términos de dificultad, capacidad de discriminación o eficacia de los distractores). La «Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI)» es una aproximación estadística que puede ayudar a la hora de evaluar la calidad de un EAM a través de la obtención de índices objetivos que, en una fase posterior, se pueden usar para mejorar la evaluación. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente en el que se analizó, mediante TRI, los EAM usados durante los últimos tres cursos en la asignatura «Evaluación Psicológica» (Grado en Logopedia). Los resultados sugieren que una proporción importante de preguntas analizadas presentaban limitaciones relacionadas con la excesiva presencia de ítems fáciles (entre el 45%-67.5%) o distractores ineficaces (entre el 17.5%-26.6%), si bien esto no afectó sobre su capacidad de discriminación. Estos resultados sirven de base para proponer iniciativas que permitan mejorar las evaluaciones a través de EAM.
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