Cadmium (Cd) has become one of the most important environmental pollutants in the world, derived from natural and industrial sources, which is known to be accumulated in the human body, producing serious health effects. On the other hand, Selenium (Se) is an essential element for mammals, which is well known for its antagonistic interaction against Cd toxicity, such as the prevention of oxidative stress induced by this element. For this reason, the use of complementary analytical methods to study the homeostasis of metals, "traffic" between different organs and massive information about metabolites altered by the exposure is of great interest. To this end, a metabolomic workflow based on the use of direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied in mice serum. On the other hand, metals homeostasis and traffic between different organs and serum of mice exposed to Cd and Se, have been evaluated by determining the concentration of metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This work, demonstrate for the first time that Cd exposure causes a decrease of all the elements studied in lung except itself. On the other hand, Se provokes As trafficking from metabolically less active organs (brain, lung and testes) to others with greater metabolic activity (kidney), which also facilitates its excretion. Moreover, when mice are only exposed to Se, it provokes the accumulation of almost all the elements in kidney, except Cd that increases also in liver and brain. However, when both elements are simultaneously administered, Se increases Cd concentration in all the organs except in serum and especially in testis. On the other hand, important metabolic alterations have been detected in the energy and amino acid metabolism, as well as degradation of phospholipidic membranes, and in free fatty acids. In summary, the results show the high potential of the combined use of organic and inorganic mass spectrometry to establish Cd and Se interaction, the biological impairments caused and to provide information about metals traffic and metabolomic changes in exposure experiments.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a very common tumor worldwide. Its mortality can be limited by early diagnosis through screening programs. These programs are based on fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy. Our objective was to find a model based on the determination of blood biomarkers that was efficacious enough to become part of the early diagnosis of CRC.Methods: In a total of 221 patients who underwent a colonoscopy, two types of markers were identified (I) classic: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19.9, α-fetoprotein, CA125, CA72.4, and ferritin; and(II) experimental: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG), calprotectin, and cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61). We divided the patients into four groups according to colonoscopy results: a control group (n=83) with normal colonoscopy, a polyp group (n=56), a CRC group (n=45), and an inflammatory disease group (n=37). We built an algorithm based on multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 51.6% were males, and the median age was 63 years. We designed an algorithm based on the combination of several markers that discriminated CRC patients from the rest of the patients with a performance of 94%, a sensitivity of 95.6%, and a specificity of 80.6%. Discriminating by sex also resulted in two powerful algorithms, although it performed better in males (97% vs. 91%).Conclusions: Our study has devised a predictive model with high efficacy based on the determination of several biomarkers. We think that it could be incorporated into the set of methods used in CRC screening.

Estudio comparativo entre diferentes métodos para la determinación de la calprotectina fecal Comparative study between different methods for the determination of fecal calprotectin 10.20960/revmedlab.00015 OR 00015 Estudio comparativo entre diferentes métodos para la determinación de la calprotectina fecal Comparative study between different methods for the determination of fecal calprotectin