Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are
extremely rare cells in blood containing billions of other cells.
The selective capture and identification of rare cells with sufficient
sensitivity is a real challenge. Driven by this need, this manuscript
reports the development of a multifunctional biocompatible graphene
oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) coated, high-luminescence magnetic nanoplatform
for the selective separation and diagnosis of Glypican-3 (GPC3)-expressed
Hep G2 liver cancer tumor CTCs from infected blood. Experimental data
show that an anti-GPC3-antibody-attached multifunctional nanoplatform
can be used for selective Hep G2 hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cell
separation from infected blood containing 10 tumor cells/mL of blood
in a 15 mL sample. Reported data indicate that, because of an extremely
high two-photon absorption cross section (40530 GM), an anti-GPC3-antibody-attached
GOQDs-coated magnetic nanoplatform can be used as a two-photon luminescence
platform for selective and very bright imaging of a Hep G2 tumor cell
in a biological transparency window using 960 nm light. Experimental
results with nontargeted GPC3(−) and SK-BR-3 breast cancer
cells show that multifunctional-nanoplatform-based cell separation,
followed by two-photon imaging, is highly selective for Hep G2 hepatocellular
carcinoma tumor cells.
The emergence of drug-resistant superbugs
remains a major burden
to society. As the mortality rate caused by sepsis due to superbugs
is more than 40%, accurate identification of blood infections during
the early stage will have a huge significance in the clinical setting.
Here, we report the synthesis of red/blue fluorescent carbon dot (CD)-attached
magnetic nanoparticle-based multicolor multifunctional CD-based nanosystems,
which can be used for selective separation and identification of superbugs
from infected blood samples. The reported data show
that multifunctional fluorescent magneto-CD nanoparticles are capable
of isolating Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Salmonella DT104 superbug
from whole blood samples, followed by accurate identification via
multicolor fluorescence imaging. As multidrug-resistant (MDR) superbugs
are resistant to antibiotics available in the market, this article
also reports the design of antimicrobial peptide-conjugated multicolor
fluorescent magneto-CDs for effective separation, accurate identification,
and complete disinfection of MDR superbugs from infected blood. The
reported data demonstrate that by combining pardaxin antimicrobial
peptides, magnetic nanoparticles, and multicolor fluorescent CDs into
a single system, multifunctional CDs represent a novel material for
efficient separation, differentiation, and eradication of superbugs.
This material shows great promise for use in clinical settings.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infection is a top threat to human health. Since bacteria evolve to resist antibiotics faster than scientists can develop new classes of drugs, the development of new materials which can be used, not only for separation, but also for effective disinfection of drug resistant pathogens is urgent. Driven by this need, we report for the first time the development of a nisin antimicrobial peptide conjugated, three dimensional (3D) porous graphene oxide membrane for identification, effective separation, and complete disinfection of MDR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pathogens from water. Experimental data show that due to the size differences, MRSA is captured by the porous membrane, allowing only water to pass through. SEM, TEM, and fluorescence images confirm that pathogens are captured by the membrane. RT-PCR data with colony counting indicate that almost 100% of MRSA can be removed and destroyed from the water sample using the developed membrane. Comparison of MDR killing data between nisin alone, the graphene oxide membrane and the nisin attached graphene oxide membrane demonstrate that the nisin antimicrobial peptide attached graphene oxide membrane can dramatically enhance the possibility of destroying MRSA via a synergestic effect due to the multimodal mechanism.
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