RESUMOIntrodução: A Síndrome de La Tourette (ST) foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1825 e se trata de uma patologia neuropsiquátrica de início geralmente na infância, que acomete mais o sexo masculino, caracterizada por notável comprometimento psicológico e social, causando impacto na vida dos portadores e familiares. Até pouco tempo, essa patologia era considerada uma condição rara, porém, estudos atuais demonstram que a taxa de prevalência pode variar de 1% a 2,9% em alguns grupos. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os principais aspectos relacionados à Síndrome de La Tourette. Síntese dos dados: A ST é um distúrbio genético, associado a alterações neurofisiológicas e neuroanatômicas, caracterizado por fenômenos compulsivos, cuja etiologia ainda é desconhecida. O quadro clínico é composto, principalmente, por tiques motores e vocais que se subdividem em simples e complexos. A sua associação com Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo e Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade é relativamente comum. O diagnóstico é eminentemente clínico e não existe, até o momento, nenhum teste laboratorial específico que confirme esta patologia. O tratamento é fundamentado, principalmente, na terapia psicológica. Porém, quando há necessidade do emprego de fármacos, os mais utilizados são os antagonistas dos receptores de dopamina. Conclusão: A ST causa diversos prejuízos psicossociais e educacionais para o indivíduo e familiares. Porém, o diagnóstico e tratamento precoces são capazes de minimizar ou anular estes danos. Desta forma, conhecer os aspectos gerais que norteiam a ST é de fundamental importância para preservar a qualidade de vida dos portadores da doença. Palavras-chave: síndrome de Tourette, tiques, otorrinolaringopatias, distúrbios da voz.
Introduction: Taste and smell abnormalities have proven to be an extremely more complex subject than previously regarded. Wide-ranging nosologic entities arise along with smell and taste alterations, and they can be congenital or acquired. Objective: Analyze the main features of smell and taste dysfunctions. Method: Automated databases were used to collect data, by searching keywords like 'alteration', 'smell', and 'taste'. A nonsystematic search was also made in scientific printings and medical books. Literature Review: Smell and taste dysfunctions have a vast etiology, the most significant of which are obstructive nasal and sinusal disease, infections of the upper respiratory tract, cranioencephalic trauma, aging, exposure to toxics and some drugs, nasal or intracranial neoplasias, psychiatric and neurological pathologies, iatrogenic disease, idiopathic and congenital causes. A detailed anamnesis, a careful physical examination and supplementary evaluations are important for the diagnosis of these alterations. Conclusion: As a rule, smell and taste dysfunctions occur in a combined way. The early discovery of such dysfunctions can lead to a more efficient treatment, making the progress of diseases causing them retard and the symptoms less severe. In many cases, treating these alterations is not easy and there needs to be a multidisciplinary cooperation among the otorhinolaryngologist, endocrinologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, among others.
Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o número de exposições necessárias ao procedimento de Instrução com Múltiplos exemplares (MEI) para a emergência do repertório de nomeação bidirecional em uma menina de 13 anos com implante coclear há 1 ano. O estudo foi delineado com três conjuntos de cinco figuras como estímulos visuais e seus respectivos nomes como estímulos auditivos em quatro fases: 1) avaliação dos repertórios de falante e ouvinte; 2) treino de ouvinte e teste de nomeação bidirecional; 3) treino de MEI; 4) novo teste de nomeação bidirecional. Com os conjuntos de estímulos 1 e 2, o treino de ouvinte não garantiu a emergência de tato; o tato somente foi obtido após o MEI, que, ao longo de sucessivas sessões, sobrepôs as porcentagens de acertos de ouvinte (mais altas) com as de tato (mais baixas) após duas exposições. O treino de ouvinte foi suficiente para a emergência de tato com o conjunto 3 após a exposição ao MEI com dois conjuntos de estímulos. Discute-se que o MEI favoreceu o controle compartilhado de estímulos e a emergência da nomeação bidirecional (ouvir e apontar figura; nomear a figura com topografia vocal com correspondência pontual à ouvida).
Leprosy is an infectious disease, with vocal involvement varying between hoarseness and difficult breathing. Aim: compare the main vocal complaints among elderly patients after treatment for leprosy and a control group. Study design: descriptive prospective. Materials and methods:We included 50 patients aged over 60 years, 32 had been treated for leprosy, and the others formed the control group. We used our own questionnaire to analyze the vocal symptoms presented by the two groups, as well as gender, age, life style and comorbidities. Results: among the treated group, the most frequent symptoms were hawk (34.4%) and hoarseness (28.1%), while in the control group the most prevalent symptoms were hoarseness (77.8%) and a foreign body sensation (55.6%). Conclusion: the most prevalent voice complaints in patients treated for leprosy are hawking and hoarseness, and that its development is influenced by life style and associated diseases.
Introduction:The chronic cough is sometimes manifested as an imprecise symptom, but of great importance for both the diagnosis and the prognosis. In an otorhinolaryngologic approach, several illnesses that can occur with it can be numbered, including 2 of the 3 main causes of chronic cough. Objective:To identify the main otorhinolaryngologic diseases showing the chronic cough as one of their manifestations. Method:A literature's revision was performed in several scientific articles, specialized books and consultation in Birene and Scielo databases. Literature's revision: cough production in the upper airways is usually associated with an inflammatory reaction by stimulating sensitive receptors of these areas or by mechanic stimulus. The main cause of the chronic cough in the otorhinolaryngology day-to-day is the post-nasal drip, gathering together by itself 02 of the most common diseases: rhinitis and sinusitis. Laryngitis as a result of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) stands out in the index of chronic cough etiology, but it is not as severe as GER . Neoplasias are also somewhat frequent causes of cough, and the difficulty in diagnosing the cough cause is common in this disease group. Motility disorder, laryngeal irritation persistence, parasitic disease and injuries by inhalation of toxic products were also found as a cause of cough for longer than 03 months. Conclusion:Chronic cough is a frequent and important finding in otorhinolaryngology and cannot be underestimated, and a careful anamnesis is the best way to determine the etiology and perform a correct treatment for the patient's disease.
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