The quantity of gas accumulated as gas hydrates has been estimated as more than the half of the total fossil energy, and it is considered as the most prominent energy resource to cover the needs of natural gas in the future. Due to the limited data available, important efforts in the harvesting of real data have been carried out and additional simulation studies for this not conventional reservoir like gas hydrates accumulations are considered. The two main mechanisms to define the exploitation strategy are depressurization and thermal stimulation; and reservoir numerical simulation which are considered important tools to get characterization and evaluation of the optimization production process. A three-dimensional commercial numerical simulator is used to model gas production from gas hydrates dissociation, considering the thermodynamic equilibrium and the kinetic intrinsic, both simultaneously. Depending on the defined deposit configuration, gas hydrates accumulations can be associated a biphasic zone with gas free layer below the gas hydrates zone (deposits Class 1), and for this configuration gas production by depressurization is the most favorable one. The initial production from the free gas layer drives the process of dissociation of methane hydrates zone. In the case where the configuration includes the presence of an aquifer or mainly water in a biphasic zone below to the gas hydrates zone (deposits Class 2); the more often evaluated mechanism is hot water or steam injection as thermal stimulation behave like an acceptable alternative for gas production, the rise in temperature promotes the dissociation of the upper hydrates reaching temperatures to that of equilibrium condition. Gas production is associated with water production.
En esta investigación se evaluó el uso de pectinas comerciales como inhibidores en la formación de hidratos de tetrahidrofurano, en busca de aquellas que se comportaran de acuerdo con la premisa básica de un inhibidor cinético, se disminuyera la velocidad de la inducción ose retrasara la formación y crecimiento de los cristales de hidrato. Utilizando 20% v/v como la proporción más adecuada de tetrahidrofurano y variando el tipo y concentración de pectina, se realizó el enfriamiento paulatino de la solución formadora de hidratos. Se encontró que con una concentración de 0,1% de pectina de frutos cítricos esterificada y con 0,5% de pectina de frutos cítricos esterificada con sal de potasio se registraron los mayores tiempos para el periodo de inducción, y con la utilización de una concentración de 0,1% de pectina de frutos cítricos de bajo índice de metoxilo se registró el mayor tiempo para el periodo de crecimiento. Al final, todos los experimentos realizados terminaron con la aglomeración de los cristales de hidrato. Aquellas pectinas comerciales que mostraron resultados positivos como inhibidores en la formación de hidratos de tetrahidrofurano podrían también tener el potencial de inhibir la formación de hidratos de gas natural.
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