Despite a diverse
manifold of excited states available, it is generally
accepted that the photoinduced reactivity of charge-transfer chromophores
involves only the lowest-energy excited state. Shining a visible-light
laser pulse on an aqueous solution of the chromophore-quencher [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(μNC)OsIII(CN)5]− assembly (tpy
= 2,2′;6,2''-terpyridine and bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine),
we prepared a mixture of two charge-transfer excited states with different
wave-function symmetry. We were able to follow, in real time, how
these states undergo separate electron-transfer reaction pathways.
As a consequence, their lifetimes differ in 3 orders of magnitude.
Implicit are energy barriers high enough to prevent internal conversion
within early excited-state populations, shaping isolated electron-transfer
channels in the excited-state potential energy surface. This is relevant
not only for supramolecular donor/acceptor chemistry with restricted
donor/acceptor relative orientations. These energy barriers provide
a means to avoid chemical potential dissipation upon light absorption
in any molecular energy conversion scheme, and our observations invite
to explore wave-function symmetry-based strategies to engineer these
barriers.
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