Suppurations of the foot are not uncommon especially in bare foot people. The foot is liable to neuropathic as well as ischemic affections which predispose to infections as in diabetes, arteriosclerosis, cases of spina bifida and tabetic patients. As the literature is scanty in describing the fascial compartments of the foot we attempted to make a brief description of these compartments for we have found some differences from those cited in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODSFive adult human feet from 5 cadavers were dissected after injection of the fascial compartments with celloidin solution colored with various colors. Three other adult feet were cut transversely serially and painted daily with a mixture of glycerine, alcohol and acetone to preserve the sections in a dry state by the method previously published (Sakla, '59). By this method the septa became apparent. Three other feet from three full term fetuses were embedded in celloidin and cut into transverse sections 120 ~1 thick and studied microscopically after staining them alternately with Van Gieson and Ponceau-light green methods. RESULTSThe deep fascia investing the whole foot is strengthened in the sole, forming in the middle of the foot the plantar aponeurosis. The posterior attachment of the plantar aponeurosis to the calcaneal tuberosities shows continuity with the tendo achillis. From the lateral and medial borders of this aponeurosis two well defined septa extend toward the dorsum between the muscles to reach the metatarsal bones, thus dividing the sole into three main compartments. The edges of the plantar aponeurosis are continuous with the strong deep fascia covering the abductor muscles of the big and little toes.The medial septum lies between the abductor hallucis muscle and the two flexors of the hallux and is attached to the lateral border of the plantar surface of the first metatarsal bone ( fig. l ) . Thus the medial compartment is limited laterally by the medial intermuscular septum and limited inferiorly and medially by the deep fascia covering the lower and medial surfaces of the abductor hallucis muscle and which is attached to the medial side of the first metatarsal bone. Posteriorly this deep fascia is continuous with the flexor retinaculum. Injection of the dye into this compartment showed the space to be limited and not communicating with other compartments.The lateral intermuscular septum extends from the lateral border of the plantar aponeurosis upwards to be attached to the medial surface of the 5th metatarsal bone. This septum separates the abductor and the small flexor muscles of the little toe from the middle compartment. The lateral compartment is limited inferiorly and laterally by deep fascia which is attached to the lateral side of the 5th metatarsal bone. Injection of the dye in this compartment proved also that it has no communication with other compartments. The intermediate compartment.This compartment lies between the medial and the lateral intermuscular septa and is limited inferiorly by the thick plantar apone...

The rate of growth of the various regions of the spinal cord and the vertebral column of the albino mouse aged, 1, 10, 20, 30 and 120 days was studied. It was found that:(1) There is more rapid growth in the length of the vertebral column than that of the spinal cord. The lower regions of the vertebral column grow more rapidly than the upper regions but the reverse was found in the spinal cord resulting in regression of the spinal cord. The cord ends at one day opposite the fifth sacral vertebra and then receded to the fifth lumbar vertebra till 120 days.( 2 ) The white matter has a more rapid rate of growth in volume than the gray matter. So the process of myelination and the growth of the fibers in diameter exceed the rate of growth of the neurons and their dendrites.( 3 ) The packing density of the neurons is nearly the same in all regions of the cord with the exception of the cervical region which showed less packing density due to more branching of their dendrites.( 4 ) The total number of neurons at each region is fixed from birth till maturity. The thoracic region contains the highest number of neurons followed by the cervical then the lumbar and the least number is i n the sacral region.The purpose of this paper is to study: ( 1) the postnatal growth of the spinal cord and its regions compared to the growth of the vertebral column in length; ( 2 ) the postnatal growth in surface area and in volume of the various regions of the spinal cord; and ( 3 ) to study the postnatal growth of the neurons and their packing density at the various regions of the spinal cord and calculating the total number of neurons at each region. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe mice used in this study were bred in the department. These were descendants of Rockefeller strain albino mice, kindly given to us by the U. S. Naval Medical Research Unit 3 at Cairo. Several adult males and females were left together and the pregnant females were subsequently isolated. The offspring were taken at the following ages: 1, 10, 20, 30 and 120 days. Six mice of each stage were sacrificed with ether and perfused with saline followed by Bouin's fixative. Fixation was complete in Bouin. The spinal cord was preserved inside the vertebral column which was decalcified in a mixture of equal parts of J. COMP. NEUR., 136: 237-252.20% sodium citrate and 50% formic acid before being washed. Three mice of each age group were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin in the usual manner then were cut longitudinally in serial sections at 15 1-1 and stained with gallocyanin. In the other three mice of each age group the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar and the sacral regions were separated with the vertebral column then were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Transverse serial sections of each region were cut at 15 I.I and were stained with gallocyanin and cresyl violet. Measurement of length of the various regions of the vertebral column and t h e spinal cordThe length of each region of the vertebral column and of the spinal cord was measured in the nearest longit...

The post-natal growth of three types of neuroglia cells viz. astroglia, oligodendroglia and microglia cells and the growth of the blood vessels of the cervical spinal cord of the albino mouse were studied at the following ages: 1, 10; 20, 30 and 120 days in preparations stained with: Golgi-Cox, Rio-Hortega and Gallocyanin stains.Their total number was doubled in the first ten days as a result of mitoses in the ependymal cells of the central canal forming new astroglia and oligodendroglia cells in both the gray and white matter and mitoses in the cells of the pia-mater which form new microglia cells. After the tenth day their total number became fixed and thus they were dispersed in the cord until the 120th day. A correlation was established between the increase in the number of oligodendroglia cells and myelination.The total number of cells forming the wall of the central canal was estimated. In mice successfully injected with China ink the blood vessels in the gray and white matter respectively were measured. Their total length and total volume were estimated. A correlation between the vascularization of the cord and the process of myelination, growth of the nerve cells and neuroglia cells was established.

No abstract

The histological and functional changes of 31 corpora lutea of Egyptian buffaloes during the various phases of the oestrous cycle were studied. The volumes of the corpora lutea were calculated, the volume per cell, the cell volume and the volume of the intercellular spaces were estimated from transverse serial sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Mallory's triple stain or van Gieson's stain. The nuclear volumes were also determined and the cytoplasmic volume was calculated. The progesterone content was estimated using column absorption chromatography and a counter-current distribution system. It was concluded that the luteal cells increase both in volume and in number due to mitosis. The luteal cells decrease in volume after the 15th day after ovulation, the cells lose their distinct outlines in the regressive stage and disappear completely in the corpus albicans. There was a parallel increase in luteal cell volume and progesterone content until the 15th post \ x=r eq-\ ovulatory day followed by a decrease in the regressive phase and disappearance of the hormone in the corpus albicans. A highly significant correlation (r = +0\m=.\875) was found between the progesterone content and the cytoplasmic volume. Progesterone concentration/g. luteal tissue increased from the corpus haemorrhagicum to the mature corpus luteum, decreased in the regressive corpus luteum and completely disappeared in the corpus albicans.