Background: The questions of the access to natural resources, their use, repartition or commercialization concern both the areas of food safety, protection of the environment and economic development. But whether we look at what the land offers or produces, the repartition of natural resources around the world coincide neither with the map of food needs nor the map of development. This is bitterly obvious in light of the latest failures, or at least partial failures, of the three main international negotiations: the FAO Summit on food safety, the WTO Doha Round on international agricultural trade and the negotiations of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC). In fact, these three negotiations, which are part of a global strategy of sustainable development, will only succeed if we not only take into account the economic, scientific and political aspects but also try to comprehend the judicial causes of the problems. Results: We wish to determine the appropriate way to determine a law on natural resources that preserves on every continent the food safety. This safety supposes that the agricultural and feeding purposes of the land be maintained, that farmers and their families can access the land and live decently from it and that access to healthy food in sufficient supplying be guaranteed to everyone. Conclusion: None of the objectives will be achieved without the law conveying the values that society will choose for itself. Between the law and the contract, collective security and individual freedom or between State sovereignty and globalization of trade, one must think of a humanist law to help the Earth to feed Humanity.

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Les sciences naturelles, lato sensu , fournissent les indicateurs à partir desquels se mesurent le réchauffement climatique et la dégradation de la nature (sols, biodiversité, eau...). L’alimentation (la sécurité alimentaire) est l’un des grands enjeux de cette « décroissance » environnementale. Pour faire face aux risques sociaux nouveaux qui en résultent, il faut repenser le lien qui relie l’alimentation et l’agriculture et le traduire dans un droit lui-même nouveau. Le dialogue qui doit en résulter, entre les sciences naturelles et le droit, peut s’articuler utilement autour du concept de « santé commune » conçue comme une approche indissociable de la santé humaine, de la santé environnementale et de la santé sociale sur un territoire donné.

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