ONE FIGUREThe dog is frequently subjected to traumatic injuries which are the result of being struck by automobiles and in many of these cases it is found that the brachial plexus is damaged with resultant paralysis of some of the muscles of the thoracic limb. It is, therefore, of clinical importance to study the nature and extent of such injuries in order to arrive at an intelligent prognosis. Such a study has been carried out and preliminary findings reported by Allani et al.( '49). Early in the course of this study it became apparent that a niore detailed knowledge of the normal plexus than has thus far been presented in the literature was required. Accordingly, a series of dissections of the plexus of normal dogs were made, and it is the purpose of this paper to record the observations made from these dissections.Ellenberger and Baum ( '47)' Bradley and Grahame ( '48) and Miller ( '48) all agree that the brachial plexus of the dog is formed from the ventral branches of the last three cervical and first two thoracic spinal nerves. Sisson and Grossman ('38) state that its origin is from the last 4 cervical and first thoracic spinal nerves. Howell ('37) states that the l Acknowledgment is made of the assistance given this "This study was aided in part by a faculty grant of M.D., deceased.

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The results in 57 consecutive patients treated with carotid ligation for an intracranial aneurysm were analyzed to define the risks of late complications. The average age for the group was 46 years. Eighty percent of the aneurysms were located on the internal carotid artery (ICA). The acute morbidity and mortality of the treatment and the natural history of the disease was 29%. Twenty-four patients were discharged with a common carotid artery (CCA) ligation, and 21 patients with an ICA ligation. Three patients from each ligation group could not be located for review. The follow-up period for the 21 patients with CCA ligation ranged from 1 to 15 years, with an average of 8.4 years, and for the 18 patients with ICA ligation it ranged from 2 to 19.5 years, with an average of 12.5 years. Excluding deaths from unrelated causes, five of the 21 patients with CCA ligation developed a late complication. Two patients had a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Two patients had a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), one of which was fatal and was preceded by a TIA. Two patients developed monocular blindness. None of the patients had a stroke. Excluding deaths from unrelated causes, five of the 18 patients with ICA ligation developed a late complication. One patient had a fatal SAH. Three patients had a TIA, two of which were followed by a stroke. One patient had a stroke in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the side of the carotid ligation.

Five cases of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas originating from the middle fossa are described, including one patient with an "empty" sella. It is suggested that acquired meningocele and meningoencephalocele progress to become CSF fistulas. The normal anatomical and physiological factors which give rise to acquired bone/dural/arachnoid dehiscences are discussed and illustrated.