PurposeThis paper seeks to address the effect that principle‐based corporate governance practices have on the financial performance of large publicly‐listed companies. In 2004, the New Zealand Securities Commission (NZSC) promulgated nine high level principles and guidelines for all business entities with an aim of improving corporate governance practices and boosting investor confidence in the New Zealand capital market. This event provides a point for empirically testing companies' responses.Design/methodology/approachPanel data for the NZX top 50 companies over the period 1999‐2007 are analysed using ordinary least squares (OLS) and two stage least squares (2SLS) regression techniques to evaluate whether: those firms that were continuously compliant with the NZSC requirements perform better; and the firm performance post‐NZSC recommendations is better than pre‐NZSC recommendations. Tobin's Q, market‐to‐book (MB) and return on assets (ROA) metrics are used as dependent variables..FindingsThe findings indicate that large listed companies have universally adopted the Securities Commission recommendations, establishing subcommittees for audit and remuneration, and having a majority of non‐executive/independent directors on the board which, on average, have seven members. There is support for the view that the NZSC recommendations have had positive influence on firm performance measured by Tobin's Q, MB and ROA. The results show that the presence of a remuneration committee has had a positive influence on firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides empirical support for the corporate governance recommendations made by the NZSC in 2004, giving support to the principle‐based corporate governance practices to be adopted in New Zealand. The sequential testing of each NZSC recommendation provides a comprehensive picture of performance outcomes which has not been achieved in prior research. The interdependency issues are of interest and the correlation between recommendations provides useful insights.Originality/valueThis study offers insights for policy makers interested in adopting principle‐based corporate governance practices within their country. Within New Zealand, public policy developments and stock exchange listing requirements/regulatory issues with associated compliance burdens are better informed as a consequence of the research.
Agribusiness supply chains involve more sources of uncertainty than typical manufacturing supply chains due to attributes such as long supply lead-times, seasonality, and perishability. Therefore, it is critical but challenging to mitigate risks in agribusiness supply chains. However, the extant literature includes limited quantitative research on robust and resilient strategies for agribusiness supply chain risk management, particularly when perishability is explicitly modeled. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a mixed set of robust and resilient strategies for managing rare high-impact harvest time and yield disruptions. We develop a two-stage stochastic programming model, which integrates an exponential perishability function, to conduct our analysis. The model maximizes the expected profit by selecting optimal risk management strategies and making tactical supply chain planning decisions. The model is applied to a numerical case study of a real-world kiwifruit supply chain. The results suggest that a mixed combination of robust and resilient strategies are most effective for mitigating supply-side disruption risks. Furthermore, as perishability increases, risk management strategies provide a greater relative improvement in the expected profit.
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