High epilepsy prevalence of 47.7‰ in rural Rwanda with diagnosis gap of 62.5% and treatment gap of 91.4%, Possible gender gap for women living with epilepsy requires additional research, Need for strategies adapting gender specific needs with a gender focus Funding information

Summary Objective Because outcome data inform and drive healthcare decisions and improvement of patient care, this study aimed to gain a deep understanding of sociodemographic profiles and treatment outcomes of newly presenting and recently diagnosed persons living with epilepsy (PwE) at a tertiary epilepsy center in Rwanda. Methods In June 2016 (T1), as a first stage of this single‐center cohort study, an ambispective chart review was conducted on baseline sociodemographic and disease characteristics of PwE using a structured questionnaire. Missing data were obtained by phone interview. In 2017, follow‐up data were collected by phone interview on treatment outcomes after 15‐months (T2). Results Of 406 PwE screened, 235 were included at T1 and outcomes on 166 PwE were obtained at T2. More than 70% were <20 years of age, with a male preponderance. A high number of patients were aged ≥20 years, were single (67.4%), unemployed (41.5%), and had no formal education or primary level education (53.9%), possibly reflecting stigma. A mean delay in diagnosis since first seizure increased with age at first seizure, amounting to 3 years for patients aged ≥20 years. At T2, 69.6% of 166 patients who could be contacted reported no seizures in the previous month. Valproate monotherapy was the most frequently prescribed treatment. At T2, 47% had discontinued treatment, which was often not recommended by a physician, despite medical insurance coverage in >90% of patients. Only 19% reported an adverse event. Marked and partial improvement in quality of life (QoL) was reported by, respectively, 50.9% and 32.7% of patients. Significance Encouraging results on improved seizure control and QoL were observed at follow‐up. The treatment gap remains high due to loss to follow‐up and treatment discontinuation. In this article, we discuss needs and recommendations for improving patient care, requiring concerted efforts of stakeholders at all levels of the healthcare system.

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