The amount of suspended sediment yield and the size of sediment grains an indicator of hydrological cycle, especially in the river. The sediment transportation process is one of the measurements of water resources management. Equilibrium of the river depends on the flow rate of water and by several factors such as frequency of rainfall, climate changes and land use activities that changes then effected to the river flow. Sedimentation problems occur in reservoirs, rivers, lakes, flood plains and offshore. This study was carried out in the upstream area, Lata Berangin, Hulu Keruak, Besut, Terengganu. This study was implemented to prove the sedimentation problem, especially the formation of total suspended sediment (TSS) and the bed sediment grain size. There are three important parameters were quantified in this study such as the distribution of sediment grain size (phi), TSS (mg/L) and the river discharge values (Q) (m³/s). The technique of analysis of primary data obtained which determine the bed sediment grain size according with the procedure of Gerald and Kenneth and the phi (ϕ) value in this study using the scale Udden-Wentworth that included median, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and the Gravimetric Method used to analyze the concentration TSS is the Gravimetric Method. From the result, the highest TSS up to 6.0 mg/L which is categorized under the class I, based on the National Water Quality Standard. Overall, the estimated daily-suspended sediment load values up to 1.1649 tonne/day at Station 2. Then, from the statistics for the median, mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis showed that the size of sediment falls between phi-0.30φ to phi-1.00 φ which classified as very coarse and the majority of the sediment texture and a very leptokurtic, leptokurtic texture showed sedimentation production is not so high. Overall, the sedimentation problem in Lata Berangin, Hulu Keruak still in stable level. Most of this upstream area still not developed as land use activities around the river basin.

The sedimentation study on the upstream reach of Pahang River is located in the Bentong River Basin. The detail hydrographic survey for each river in the Bentong River Basin was carried out in May 2016. Nine stations were selected to represent the sediment concentration at Bentong River, Pahang, Malaysia. Bentong River Basin is one of the river catchment in Pahang River Basin, Malaysia. Before this, Bentong River deterioration in water quality, resulting from the sedimentation problems and unsustainable development management around the river basin. This study was implemented to prove the sedimentation problem, especially the formation of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) in the Bentong River. There are two important parameters were quantified in this study such as the concentration of suspended solid (mg/L) and the river discharge (Q) values (m³/s). The method used in this study to analysis the concentration of TSS using Gravimetric Method. The result showed the sedimentation in the Bentong River was unstable and the highest of TSS up to 367.6 mg/L that is categorized under the class V which > 300 mg/L based on the National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) result showed the coefficient correlation between the observed Q and the TSS concentration in the Bentong River is significant R² = 0.919, there are strong positive relationship between TSS concentration production and the river discharge value in the Bentong River. The study found that the contributors to the high sedimentation problems resulting from the sediments generated from the unsustainable land use, which effectively trapping the bed sediments, rainfall intensity, backflow that carries out high sediments as well as sedimentation produced due to the river bank erosion.

Spatial interpolation method of water valuation Kenyir Lake profiling used regression analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess a few of the water quality classification at Kenyir Lake. The purpose is to investigate the relative performance of different interpolation methods in surface waters. The study archived data from the Kenyir Lake using spatial interpolation of inverse distance weighting (IDW), which incorporates output from a process Author Correspondence, e-mail: Spatial interpolation method of water quality evaluation are frequently used to estimate valuation Kenyir Lake profiling used regression analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess a few of the water quality classification at Kenyir Lake. The purpose is to ve performance of different interpolation methods in surface waters. The study archived data from the Kenyir Lake using spatial interpolation of inverse distance which incorporates output from a process-based regression model. valuation Kenyir Lake profiling used regression analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess a few of the water quality classification at Kenyir Lake. The purpose is to ve performance of different interpolation methods in surface waters. The study archived data from the Kenyir Lake using spatial interpolation of inverse distance based regression model. Research ArticleSpecial Issue N. A. Wahab et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2017, 9(2S), 256-278 257 Interpolation were performed on temperature, total suspended solid (TSS) and turbidity (TUR) based on in-situ and ex-situ analyses according to the correlation matrix and linear regression at 14 different depths for the Chomor River and Mahadir Island. The result showed outlet significantly decreased over depth caused the water quality deterioration of Kenyir Lake development.

a b s t r a c tRivers, which provide 90% of the readily available freshwater, are key components of global water resource system. Terengganu River experienced deterioration in water quality, resulting from the sedimentation, anthropogenic, geomorphology problems and unsustainable development management around the river basin. This study was implemented to prove the sedimentation problem especially the formation of total suspended solid (TSS) and annual sediment load (SL). The technique of analysis of primary data obtained which determine according with the procedure TSS and SL. The results showed that the highest average of TSS (mg/L) is 67.2 (wet season) and 128.2 (dry season) which are class III. While the highest turbidity is 43.57 (wet season) and 21.57 (dry season) which are Class II based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). The highest annual average estimation for annual SL flow out from the Terengganu River Basin is 6,846.709 tonnes/km 2 /year (Manir River Basin) the lowest in the Pauh River Basin is 2.850 tonnes/km 2 /year. The statistical analysis proved the weak regression relationship between TSS, river discharges (Q), SL and area of catchment caused by the anthropogenic factors and uncertain climate changes. Furthermore, the water in the Terengganu River was classified under class III caused by the active land use activities especially industrial and development but it is still suitable for recreational activities and safe for body contact because its water quality index is not less than 65% which early stage of Class II. The contributors of sedimentation problems are from unsustainable land use such as sand mining activities which effectively trap the bed sediments, backflow that carries out high sediments, as well as sedimentation produced due to the river bank erosion. This study suggests the sedimentation management methods including land use settlement, cliff erosion problems, settlement and negotiable of uncontrolled development operations in Terengganu River and the integration of river management methods based on integrated river basin management in Terengganu River Basin is recommended.

Rivers is one of the complex natural systems. Classification of the river plan change is very important to know the river problems in early stage, where the classification database can help to understand the behavior of the river in each part. This article discusses about the classification of river plan change at the mainstream of Pahang River, Malaysia. Based on Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) database, analysis of Types Of Lateral Activity (TYLAT) method and Modes of Meander Movement (MOME) method have been used to identify the evolution of the river plan change. The study results indicated, methods of TYLAT are more suitable to use for examining the evolution of river plan change for large and width rivers. While, method of analysis MOME index is more suitable for smaller types of rivers as the upper and middle reaches of the river. From this result, this study can be produced the basic information or database to understanding the characteristics or behavior parts in parts of the main Pahang River. This result also is very important to local authorities to know the early river problems in this area.