The purpose of this paper is to introduce a holistic and systematic approach, based in key concepts of systems thinking, systems of systems and management science; to completely represent, model and analyze microgrid systems. In this paper we propose a Microgrid Reference Methodology (MRM) that guides the cooperation and mutual benefits between electric utilities and industrial customers for microgrid projects. We sketch a four-level socio-technical system in which the δ (business) level is added to the other three levels that are traditionally analyzed in microgrid design and planning. This MRM clearly specifies the steps and processes necessary for determining actors in the system, their interrelations, interests, goals and undesired effects. Finally, the MRM makes possible the evaluation of the impact of different alternatives on the objectives of both parties through the determination of criteria and factors. These factors can be influenced by the electric utility and customer; or they can be external, but still influenced by other actors such as regulators and government, to incentivize the implementation of microgrid projects.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) have rapidly become a topic of international interest as governments have sponsored their deployment for the purposes of utility service reliability and efficiency, e.g., water and electricity conservation. Two problems plague such deployments. First is the protection of consumer privacy. Second is the problem of huge amounts of data from such deployments. A new architecture is proposed to address these problems through the use of Aggregators, which incorporate temporary data buffering and the modularization of utility grid analysis. These Aggregators are used to deliver anonymized summary data to the central utility while preserving billing and automated connection services.

Este trabajo estudia el fenómeno de las oscilaciones en los cuerpos de agua, con el caso de estudio: Enseada de São Miguel, Penha / SC. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante la implementación de un modelo numérico basado en la ecuación de Helmholtz, que permitió el cálculo de las frecuencias de oscilación natural. En la solución de la ecuación diferencial parcial, se utilizó el método de diferencias finitas para transformar el área de estudio en un conjunto de puntos discretos. El sistema resultante es un sistema de autovalores y autovectores. Para la solución de este sistema se utilizaron funciones ya implementadas en el sistema informático MATLAB. El modelo implementado se sometió a varias pruebas numéricas y se seleccionaron pruebas en las que existen soluciones analíticas. La respuesta del modelo a estos casos fue positiva, con errores menores al 10% en el cálculo de los períodos de oscilación. El modelo se aplicó en la Enseada de São Miguel, simulando dos escenarios: con rompeolas y sin rompeolas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el cambio de forma del recinto altera su período natural. Se calculó un período natural de 266.07 segundos para su modo fundamental y al implementar el rompeolas en el recinto se estimó un período natural fundamental de 324,89 segundos.

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