Caracterización de cepas nativas deResumen La presente investigación se realizó para caracterizar y determinar el efecto de cepas nativas de Azospirillum spp. en el desarrollo de Oryza sativa L "arroz", como una alternativa para la disminución de fertilizantes químicos. Las bacterias se aislaron de raíces de arroz en Lambayeque. Fragmentos de raíces previamente desinfectadas se sembraron en medio Nfb semisólido, donde las bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno se reconocieron por una película blanquecina bajo la superficie y el viraje del verde al azul. El género Azospirillum se identificó en medio agar rojo de Congo, obteniéndose 96 cepas con una producción de 2.69 a 38.02 ppm de ácido indolacético y 7.95 a 29.09 ppm de nitrógeno fijado. Las cuatro cepas con los mayores valores se inocularon independientemente así como en combinación con 50 y 100 % de úrea, en arroz INIA508-Tinajones. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio, incluyendo testigos 50 y 100 % de úrea y testigo absoluto, Todas las cepas nativas incrementaron la altura y materia seca de la parte aérea y raíces, con índices de efectividad de hasta 21.77, 102.06 y 126.11% en relación al testigo absoluto. Azospirillum sp. GM-86 seleccionado por el mayor valor de ácido indolacético, alcanzó el mayor índice de efectividad en altura y biomasa seca de raíz. La aplicación de 50 % de úrea con Azospirillum spp. incrementó los índices de efectividad. Se demostró el potencial de cepas nativas de Azospirillum spp. para incrementar el desarrollo de arroz, así como la posibilidad de utilizarlas asociadas con dosis mínimas de úrea.Palabras clave: Azospirillum, PGPR , Oryza sativa L., indolacético, nitrógeno. AbstractThis research was conducted to characterize and determine the effect of native strains of Azospirillum spp. on growth of Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative for the reduction of chemical fertilizers. The bacteria were isolated from roots of rice in Lambayeque. Fragments of previously disinfected roots were planted in Nfb semisolid medium, were nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates with production of 2.69 to 38.02 ppm indoleacetic acid and 7.95 to 29.09 ppm of fixed nitrogen. The four strains with the highest values were inoculated independently and in combination with 50 and 100 % urea in Tinajones INIA508 rice. It used a completely randomized design and including witnesses' 50 and 100 % urea and absolute control. All native strains increased height and dry matter of shoot and roots, with effectiveness index of up to 21.77, 102.06 and 126.11 % compared to untreated control. Azospirillum sp. GM-86 selected by the highest value of indoleacetic acid, reached the highest level of effectiveness in height and root dry biomass. The application of 50 % úrea with Azospirillum spp. increased rates of effectiveness. It demonstrated the potential of native strains of Azospirillum spp. to increase the g...
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