The objective of the study was to determine the treatment threshold (TU) of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the cultivation of starchy maize (Zea mays L. ssp amilaceous) in the Ccanabamba sector, Tamburco district, Abancay province, Apurímac department, Peru. A completely randomized design was used, with three chemical treatments (T1: Tifon 2.5% PS; T2: Chlorpyrifos S480; T3: Cyperklin 25) and a control. 160 larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda, in stage L3, were collected, and one larva was placed per maize plant. The evaluation was carried out every three days, from 28 days of sowing. The results indicated that the treatment threshold is 1.86%; 1.43%; 1.38% and 0.00% with T1, T2, T3 and control, respectively; T1 being the one with the highest tolerance to the presence of the pest. In addition to obtaining the highest yield and price (1,917.57 kg/ha; 5.87 S//kg), followed by T2 (1,872.63 kg/ha; 5.75 S//kg), T3 (1,823, 99 kg/ha; 5.99 S//kg) and Control (1381.35 kg/ha; 5.07 S//kg). It is recommended to use T1 in order to minimize the use of pesticides, obtain a higher yield in kg/ha, as well as a better price in S//kg of corn.
Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue elaborar un biofertilizante a partir de la recolección de microorganismos eficientes autóctonos (EMA). La colección de los EMA se realizó en el sector Pisonaypata, comunidad San Gabriel, distrito de Abancay, provincia de Abancay, Región Apurimac, Perú. Para ello, se elaboraron ocho capturadores de EMA que fueron colocados a 10 cm de profundidad del suelo por un periodo de dos semanas. A partir de los EMA capturados en las tarimas, se elaboró cinco litros de biofertilizante, con 25*10 6 UFC/g de aerobios mesófilos viable, 60*10 UFC/mL de Bacillus sp., 20*10 NMP/g de bacterias fijadoras de vida libre y >34*10 7 UFC/g de Lactobacillus sp. En conclusión, utilizar EMA en la elaboración de biofertilizantes, permite mayor efectividad en el campo, por estar los EMA adaptados a las condiciones del suelo de cada región. La recomendación del uso de biofertilizantes, debe hacerse inicialmente como un complemento a la fertilización sintética, con la finalidad de sustituirla a mediano o largo plazo de acuerdo a las condiciones de suelo, manejo y respuesta del cultivo.
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