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The purpose of this research is to have simulation software capable of processing interrupt instruction and I/O operation that in the future it can contribute in developing a kernel. Interrupt and I/O operation are necessary in the development of the kernel system. Kernel is a medium for hardware and software to communicate. However, Not many application software which helps the learner to understand interrupt process. In managing the hardware, there are times when some kind of condition exist in the system that needs attention of processor or in this case kernel which managing the hardware. In response to that condition, the system will issue an interrupt request to sort that condition. As the I/O operation is needed since a computer system not just consists of CPU and memory only but also other device such as I/O device. This paper elaborates the application software for learning Interrupt application. With interrupt instruction and I/O operation in the simulation program, the program will be more represent the process happened in the real life computer. In this case, the program is able to run the interrupt instruction, I/O operation and other changes are running as expected. Refers to its main purpose, perhaps this simulation can lead to developing the kernel in operating system. From the results of instruction’s testing above, has a result that shows that 90% of instructions are run properly. In executing instructions, simulation program still has a bug following after the execution of Jump and conditional Jump. Index Terms—Interrupt; I/O; Kernel; Operating System REFERENCES [1] C. Hamacher, Z. Vranesic, S. Zaky. Naraig Manjikian , Computer Organization and Embedded Systems 6th Edition; McGraw-Hill, 2012 [2] B. Brey. The Intel Microprocessors , Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing , 8th Edition. Pearson, 2008 [3] W.Stallings. Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th Edition Pearson , 2012 [4] F.A.Halim , Sutrisno, “Fundamental Characteristic of Central Processing Unit Simulation as a Basic Stage of Making Kernel”, Publish in Konferensi Nasional Sistem & Informatika (KNS&I 2010), 12-13 Nov 2010, Bali [5] Intel, IA-32 Intel® Architecture Software Developer’s Manual Volume 3: System Programming Guide, Denver: Intel Corporation, 2004 [6] Intel,IA-32 Intel 80386 Reference Programmer's,: I/O Instruction , https://pdos.csail.mit. edu/6.828/2014/readings/i386/s08_02.htm, available 17 June 2017

Abstract-XY adaptive routing protocol is a routing protocol used on UTAR NoC communication architecture. This routing algorithm adapts shortestpath first algorithm, which it will not able to work optimally if the closest route have no longer enough bandwidth to continue the packet.The router will store Packet inside and forwarded to the nearest router when closest route has enough bandwidth. This paper suggests TTL based routing algorithm to resolve this issue. TTL based routing algorithm adapts XY adaptive routing protocol by adding several limits on RTL UTAR NoC and added bit in each packet sent by router. TTL based algorithm used more bit and parameters in choosing alternative routes inside the communication architecture. Use of TTL on TTL based routing different from use TTL on communication network. Packets that carry TTL value that equal to Maximum TTL will be route using XY adaptive routing protocol. TTL based routing algorithm has shown better performance compared to XY adaptive routing on some of the experiment done using MSCL NoC Traffic Pattern Suite. This research also proves that TTL based routing algorithm cannot work optimally on smallscaled architecture.

Today's communications networks are built using high-speed digital trunks that inherently provide high throughput, minimal relay, and a very low error rate. Such transmission networks supply highly reliable service without the overhead of error control functions. Frame relay is a packet-mode transmission network service that exploits these network characteristics by minimizing the amount of error detection and recovery performed inside the network [1]. In addition, real time network based systems can also minimize the possibility of employees committing fraud resulting in losses for the company. The research was carried out in a service provider video ad impressions company, which has fifteen branches in the islands of Java and Sumatra. The problem is the revenue reporting is not real-time and non-standard video file format ads to each branch. This is because the distribution process with the hard disk media are still using courier services. Based on user demand, it was decided to use the computer network using Frame Relay technology. With the computer network that connects all the branches to the head office, the data updating process can be done in a shorter time than the previous system and will reduce fraud forms of each branch and enable the achievement of a better quality of service to customers. Index Terms—Computer Network, Frame Relay