This paper presents a bibliographic analysis of STEM methodologies in the training of engineers. For this, some scientific articles have been analyzed to know the new trends in engineering for their contribution to modern industry and the development of new technological proposals that contribute to the solution of social needs. In this sense, a brief and concise review has been made without depth to evaluate the trends required by industry 4.0 for new engineering professionals and how this should influence the educational reforms of the training of engineers. The main results show that education in polytechnic schools must readjust their profiles and curricular meshes so that future professionals can be competitive in the digitized industry.

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las emociones desde los procesos cognoscitivos cerebrales, tomando en cuenta algunos estudios neurobiológicos experimentales. Se analizan los sistemas sensoriales, las reacciones fisiológicas del sistema nervioso central, y se evalúan los estímulos emocionales. Se evidencia que las expresiones subjetivas y las reacciones físicas de las emociones están condicionadas a los patrones sociales, costumbres familiares y principalmente a estereotipos morales de las personas. Entre las características observadas prevalecen las emociones auto sancionarías y las de empatía con el otro. Finalmente fue posible reconocer que la restricción de las emociones en las personas puede ocasionar conductas psicológicas que perjudican su relación con el entorno. Además, se producen conductas antisociales, falta de comprensión de los sentimientos ajenos, incumplimiento de las reglas, entre otras actividades y estándares sociales.   This work presents a review of emotions from the cognitive processes of the brain, taking into account some experimental neurobiological studies. Sensory systems are analyzed, physiological reactions of the central nervous system, and emotional stimuli are evaluated. It is evidenced that subjective expressions and physical reactions of emotions are conditioned to social patterns, family customs and mainly to moral stereotypes of people. Among the observed characteristics, self-sanctioning emotions and those of empathy with the other prevail. Finally, it was possible to recognize that the restriction of emotions in people can cause psychological behaviors that damage their relationship with the environment. In addition, antisocial behaviors occur, lack of understanding of the feelings of others, breach of rules, among other activities and social standard.