The procedures for analyzing pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are typically tedious and expensive and thus, it is necessary to synthesize all available information from previously conducted research. An extensive collection of PPCP data from the published literature was compiled to determine the occurrence, pathways, and the effectiveness of current treatment technologies for the removal of PPCPs in water and wastewater. Approximately 90% of the compiled published papers originated from Asia, Europe, and the North American regions. The incomplete removal of PPCPs in different water and wastewater treatment processes was widely reported, thus resulting in the occurrence of PPCP compounds in various environmental compartments. Caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, triclosan, and triclocarban were among the most commonly reported compounds detected in water and solid matrices. Trace concentrations of PPCPs were also detected on plants and animal tissues, indicating the bioaccumulative properties of some PPCP compounds. A significant lack of studies regarding the presence of PPCPs in animal and plant samples was identified in the review. Furthermore, there were still knowledge gaps on the ecotoxicity, sub-lethal effects, and effective treatment processes for PPCPs. The knowledge gaps identified in this study can be used to devise a more effective research paradigm and guidelines for PPCP management.

2012) Flood reduction analysis on watershed of LID design demonstration district using SWMM5, Desalination and Water Treatment, 38:1-3, 255-261, A B S T R AC TUrban development is the primary cause of the expansion of impervious areas. Urbanization reduces infi ltration of rainwater, increases runoff volume, and fi nally has an effect on the hydrological cycle and urban environment. To solve these problems, Low Impact Development (LID) methods have been used to restore the natural hydrology of predevelopment sites using site design techniques such as infi ltration, evaporation, and retention. SWMM5 has been developed as a model to analyze the hydrologic impacts of LID facilities. This study performed hydrologic analysis and evaluated the fl ood reduction effect of the Jangjae Stream watershed by the design of LID facilities of the rainwater management demonstration district of AsanTangjung New Town (Korea). LID facilities in this study were comprised of infi ltration trench, rain barrel, vegetation swale, etc. SWMM5 was calibrated using rainfall data of the 7th and the 14th of July, 2011 and was verifi ed using rainfall data of the 10th and the 11th of August, 2011. This study analyzed fl ood reduction effect on 50 to 100 y return period. Based on the results of this study, the reduction of fl ood peak discharge by each return period of storms was estimated to be about 7 to 15%.

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This study assessed the factors affecting the growth and survival of microorganisms in a small horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) treating stormwater runoff from highly impervious road and parking lot through long-term monitoring from 2010 until present. The HSSF CW facility consisted of sedimentation or pre-treatment zone, vegetation zone, and effluent zone, and employed filter media including bio-ceramics, sand, gravel, and wood chips. Results showed that flow reduction in the wetland through filtration and sedimentation played an important part in the overall performance of the HSSF CW. In addition, vegetation growth was found to be affected by pollutant and stormwater inflow in the HSSF CW. Vegetation near the outflow port exhibited greater growth rates by about 6.5% to 64.2% compared to the vegetation near the inflow port due to the less stormwater pollutant concentrations via filtration mechanism in the plant or media zone of the HSSF CW. The pollutant inflow from road and parking lot played an important role in providing good environment for microbial growth especially for the dominant microbial phyla including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria in the HSSF CW. The findings of this research are useful in understanding treatment mechanisms and identifying appropriate design considerations for HSSF CW.