Abstract. This paper looks at privacy-enhanced uses of biometrics, with a particular focus on the privacy and security advantages of Biometric Encryption (BE). It considers the merits of Biometric Encryption for verifying identity, protecting privacy, and ensuring security. In doing so, it argues that BE technologies can help to overcome the prevailing "zero-sum" mentality, which posits that adding privacy to identification and information systems will necessarily weaken security and functionality. It explains how and why BE technology promises a "win-win" scenario for all stakeholders.

It is increasingly important for organizations to achieve additional coordination of diverse computerized operations. To do so, it is necessary to have database systems that can operate over a distributed network and can encompass a heterogeneous mix of computers, operating systems, communications links, and local database management systems. This paper outlines approaches to various aspects of heterogeneous distributed data management and describes the characteristics and architectures of seven existing heterogeneous distributed database systems developed for production use. The objective is a survey of the state of the art in systems targeted for production environments as opposed to research prototypes.

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