A visual analog of auditory selective attention paradigms is described. Using that analog, we examined the amount of processing required to monitor unattended information. With the materials used, there was no evidence that any processing capacity was required to monitor the unattended information. Memory for the unattended information and the recognition of one's name were examined to provide additional evidence concerning the fate of the unattended information.When confronted with two simultaneous messages, we generally attend to only one of the messages. There is evidence, however, that the unattended message is processed by the listener to some extent. Presented with auditory information, listeners are certainly aware of the gross physical characteristics of the unattended message (Broadbent, 1958). They also notice the presence of their name on the unattended message some percentage of the time (Moray, 1959). Indeed, a growing body of evidence suggests that material on the unattended ear may be processed to a semantic level. Treisman (1960) showed that when the theme of the attended message was switched to the unattended ear, subjects followed the message to that ear for some number of words. She also demonstrated that subjects recognize that the message on the unattended ear is identical to that on the attended ear under appropriate values of lag and lead (Treisman, 1964). Lewis (1970) found that shadowing latency was substantially increased when synonyms were presented to the unattended ear. Treisman, Squire, and Green (1974) verified the synonym effect but found that it was limited to the early part of a list. Additional evidence for the semantic processing of unattended input comes from an experiment by Lackner and Garrett (1972) and a series of similar experiments by MacKay (I973). Subjects were simultaneously presented ambiguous sentences to the attended ear and information to the unattended ear that would disambiguate the sentences. Subjects were then asked to paraphrase the attended sentences or to choose from a set of alternatives the sentence closest in meaning to the sentence presented. The unattended information significantly

Self-regulation has been shown to have important implications for individual trajectories of health and well-being across the life course. The present chapter examines the development of self-regulation from a life course health development (LCHD) perspective. Using the seven principles of LCHD and the relational developmental systems (RDS) framework, the chapter focuses on the importance of self-regulation for health and well-being over time and across contexts and examines the pathways of self-regulation including the individual, contextual, and sociocultural factors that influence the development of these skills over time, methods for studying self-regulation, and translational issues. The chapter concludes by providing recommendations for future research and for better integrating the principles of LCHD and RDS within the study of self-regulation.

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