By the method of agricultural production function, is economically estimates the effects of climate change in the production and performance of quinoa, it is concluded that climatic variables if they affect the production and performance of quinoa, these account for more than 60% and 35% respectively . The climate factor influencing the production and performance is the maximum temperature at a significance level of 10%. The optimum temperatures are 15.2 ° C maximum temperature, minimum temperature -5 ° C and rainfall of 765.5 mm. The behavior of climatic factors shows an increasing trend, and the effect toward production and performance are negative, because as the temperature rises exceeding the optimal threshold required for the cultivation, production and performance of quinoa is reduced. According to the forecast of quinoa production for the next 16 years, the effects will be detrimental not only for quinoa, but for the entire agricultural sector, with risks from declining production and food quality, lower incomes and rising prices. It is important, the implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures for the agricultural sector.

With the arrival of Covid-19, education at all levels had a 180° turn so our research has as its main objective to describe the level of digital competence in teachers after having experienced two years with digital competencies which will be evaluated by students, this research is descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational with a quantitative approach, with a sample of 1045 students from state and private universities who participated in the online survey, an evaluation instrument was used with 21 questions divided into 6 parts, resulting in Cronbach's Alpha optimal for its application in the Peruvian context, analyzing with different statistical tests resulting in significant values such as Bartlett's sphericity with Chi-square approximation (35573, 691) with gl. 210 and value of Sig. .000, in the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (0.975) and with the goodness of fit test with the Chi-square 5922,091 with gl 189 and value of Sig. .000. Concluding that they should continue with the training to be updated and be prepared for any future event.

La población de adultos mayores va en un proceso de crecimiento lento y constante, los programas sociales buscan mejorar el nivel de bienestar de los beneficiarios. Los objetivos fueron, identificar la cantidad de beneficiarios por hogares del programa Pensión 65, determinar las características socioeconómicas de los adultos mayores que son beneficiarios y no beneficiarios y evaluar el impacto respecto al gasto en consumo de alimentos. Los datos provienen de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares para los años 2019 y 2020. Se usaron métodos bivariados y para la evaluación modelos de efectos fijos y doble diferencias con datos panel. Se evidencia que existen más de un beneficiario del programa por hogar, los hogares beneficiarios tienen menos integrantes en su hogar, menos nivel educativo, mayor edad y la mayoría son mujeres. El impacto del programa es positivo los beneficiarios incrementaron su gasto per cápita en consumo de alimentos, el 33.1% del apoyo económico que reciben lo gastan en alimentos. Se concluye que el programa Pensión 65 es una política adecuada que mejora el bienestar de los adultos mayores.

Education promotes progress and economic and social growth, improves the quality of life of the population. The first objective of the study was to identify people's income according to the years of schooling, the second was to estimate the income gap according to gender, residence and working conditions, the third was to identify the return of education, work experience towards the income of the Peruvian inhabitants. Parametric tests and the two-stage Heckman model were used to obtain the results. The data come from the National Household Survey. Income differs according to schooling. There are gaps in earned income. For one more year of education, the monetary return amounts to 12,46%, if it is a woman, it is 13,23%, if it is a man, it is 11,51%, if it resides in an urban area it amounts to 10,62%, if it is a resident in rural areas it amounts to 9,83%. Keywords: Labor income, returns to education, Mincer equation, Heckman methodology. References [1]J. Mincer, “Schooling, Experience, and Earnings,” Natl. Bur. Econ. Res., 1974, [Online]. Available: https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/schooling-experience-and-earnings. [2]T. W. Schultz, “Investment in Human capital,” Am. Econ. Rev., vol. Vil. (1)2, 1961. [3]J. Freire and M. Teijeiro, “Las ecuaciones de Mincer y las tasas de rendimiento de la educación en Galicia,” Investig. Econ. la Educ. 5 - Univ. A Coruña, 2010. [4]K. Ogundari and A. Abdulai, “Determinants of Household’s Education and Healthcare Spending in Nigeria: Evidence from Survey Data,” African Dev. Rev., vol. Vol. 26, N, pp. 1–14, 2014. [5]C. Montenegro and H. Patrinos, “Comparable estimates of returns to schooling around the world,” Policy Res. Work. Pap. Ser. 7020, World Bank., 2014. [6]G. Fink and E. Peet, “Returns to Education in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from the Living Standards and Measurement Surveys,” Progr. Glob. Demogr. Aging Harvard Univ., vol. PGDA Worki, 2014, [Online]. Available: https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1288/2015/06/PGDA_WP_120_Fink.pdf. [7]L. Godínez, E. Figueroa, and F. Pérez, “Rentabilidad privada de la educación en el Estado de México,” Papeles Poblac. - Univ. Auton. Mex., vol. Vol. 22 N°, 2016. [8]M. Diaz, “Brecha Salarial por Género en Colombia.,” Econ. y Finanz. Int. - Univ. la Sabana - Colomb., 2014. [9]M. Urroz and M. Salgado, “La relación entre educación e ingresos: estimación de las diferencias salariales por nivel educativo alcanzado,” Fund. Zamora Terán, 2014. [10]E. Tarupi, “El capital humano y los retornos a la educación en Ecuador,” Gest. - Rev. Int. Adm., 2015, [Online]. Available: https://revistas.uasb.edu.ec/index.php/eg/article/view/571. [11]R. Arpi and L. Arpi, “Retornos Heterogeneos a La Educación En el Mercado Laboral Peruano, 2015,” Rev. Investig. Altoandina, vol. Vol. 18, 2016. [12]R. Paz and J. C. Quilla, “Retornos a la Educación de los Jefes de Hogar en la Región de Puno, 2011 – 2015,” Rev. Investig. Altoandina, vol. V. 18, 2016. [13]INEI, “Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica - Evolucion de la Pobreza Monetaria 2008 - 2019,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/cifras_de_pobreza/informe_pobreza2019.pdf. [14]A. Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Londres: Londres - Reino Unido, 1776. [15]G. Becker, “A Theory of the Allocation of Time,” Econ. J., vol. Vol. 75 N°, p. pp.493-517, 1964. [16]R. Hernández, C. Fernández, and M. del P. Baptista, Metodologia de la Investigación, vol. 6ta Ed. 2014. [17]W. Mendoza, Cómo Investigan los Economistas, 1ra Ed. Lima - Perú, 2014. [18]D. Alfaro and E. Guerrero, “Brechas de genero en el ingreso: Una mirada mas alla de la media en el sector agropecuario,” Consorc. Investig. Econ. y Soc. - CIES, 2013, [Online]. Available: http://cies.org.pe/sites/default/files/investigaciones/1_informe_final_pb19_-_alfaro_y_guerrero_final.pdf. [19]J. Wooldridge, Introduccion a la Econometria. Un enfoque moderno, 4ta Ed. Mexico, D.F., 2009. [20]D. Gujarati and D. Porter, Econometría. 2010.

In elementary school, inclusive education should be adapted to the needs of students with special abilities in areas such as recreational activities, feedback and methodologies and planning. The objective of the research is to analyze and describe the perspectives of educational inclusion factors among elementary school teachers to improve students’ learning with special abilities. The methodology of the research is descriptive with a quantitative correlational approach in which 823 elementary school teachers participated through a voluntary and anonymous online survey with a measurement instrument that had two dimensions of eight and ten items which were optimal in the different statistical tests as in the analysis of the reliability factors of Cronbach’s alpha (0. 968). The result shows that teachers are willing to improve the curriculum plan, provide specialized attention after training. There is a high perspective to interact with students with special abilities to improve student learning. There are institutional constraints on primary education teachers to improve the learning factors of inclusive education as well as unknown applications or technologies that can help the learning of students with special abilities in primary education. There are non-governmental organizations that seek the welfare of students with special abilities but the results are not very encouraging due to a lack of financial capacity.