BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is malignant tumor growing in nasopharynx with a predilection in fossa Rossenmuller and nasopharyngeal roof. This research aimed to prove whether the means of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (mAgNOR) can predict the success of treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.METHODS: We used diagnostic test method with longitudinal design and purposive sampling technique. Endoscopic biopsy examination was performed on 15 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before and after therapy, 13 patients underwent chemotherapy and other two underwent chemoradiotherapy. Tumor tissues were stained and AgNOR was calculated.RESULTS: Based on the tumor stage, sample characteristic showed 3 patients (20%) were in stage II, 3 patients (20%) in stage III, and 9 patients (60%) in stage IV, with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.610±0.988 and 1.000±0.000, respectively in stage II, 1.100±0.092 and 1.000±0.000, respectively in stage III, 1.226±0.265 and 1.107±0.164, respectively in stage IV patients. Based on histopathology type, 4 patients (26.7%) had non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.117±0.134 and 1.060±0.120, respectively, while 11 patients (73.3%) had undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.335±0.528 and 1.065±0.146, respectively. Overall the pre-therapy were significantly higher than post-therapy mAgNOR. In subgroups there are significant differences in stage IV and type 3.CONCLUSION: The values of AgNOR were decreased in all NPC stages and significantly decreased in undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma. AgNOR can be used to predict the successfulness of therapy in NPC.KEYWORDS: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, therapy, proliferation, mAgNOR

Latar Belakang:  Saat ini belum ada alat yang valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur kualitas hidup penderita kanker kepala leher di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menilai validitas dan reliabilitas dari EORTCQLQ-H&N35 sebagai alat ukur kualitas hidup penderita kanker kepala leher di Makassar. Metode: Jenispenelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September–November  2013. Populasi penelitian adalah semua kasus kanker kepala leher  yang datang berobat ke Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL, Rumah Sakit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar.Sampel sebanyak 60 orang dipilih secara purposive, yakni penderita kanker kepala leher yang belummenjalani terapi, sementara terapi, dan telah selesai terapi. Pengukuran kualitas hidup menggunakanEuropean Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer - Head and Neck Cancer Quality of LifeQuestionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) yang sebelumnya sudah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitasterlebih dahulu melalui validasi transcultural menurut WHO (World Health Organzation). Hasil:   Padauji validitas didapatkan korelasi bermakna pada hampir semua skala gejala, sedangkan pada uji reliabilitashasil penilaian EORTC QLQ-H&N35 dengan adaptasi bahasa Indonesia ini mempunyai nilai reliabilitasyang sangat baik dengan nilai Cronbach-a >0,7. Kesimpulan: Instrumen EORTC QLQ-H&N35 denganadaptasi bahasa Indonesia adalah valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur kualitas hidup penderita kankerkepala leher di Bagian THT-KL RS Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Kata kunci: validitas, reliabilitas,  EORTC QLQ-H&N35 ABSTRACTBackground: The lack of measurement tools which is valid and reliable for evaluating the quality of life of patients with head neck cancer in Indonesia. Purpose: To assess the validity and reliability ofthe EORTC QLQ-H&N35 as a tool to measure the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancerin Makassar. Methods: This study was an observational analytic cross-sectional approach. This researchwas conducted during September - November 2013. The population was all head and neck cancer caseswho came for treatment to the ENT Department Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. Sample of 60 peoplewere selected purposively.  Assessment of quality of life used the European Organization for Research andTreatment of Cancer - Head and Neck Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) afterthe validity and reliability tests was conducted transcultural validation in Indonesian language adaptationaccording to the WHO. Results:  On the validity of the test, it showed significant correlation in almostall scales of symptoms, while on reliability test results of the EORTC QLQ–H&N35 assessment, it  was excellent   with values   of Cronbach-a >0,7. Conclusion: The Indonesian adaptation EORTC QLQ–H&N35was found as valid and reliable instrument for assessing the quality of life of patients with head and neckcancer in ENT Department, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar. Keywords : validity, reliability, EORTC QLQ-H7N35

Background: Inherited hearing impairment affects about 1 in 1000 newborns. Up to 50 percent of all patients with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic prelingual deafness in many populations have mutations in the gene encoding the gap junction protein connexin 26 (GJB2) at locus DFNB1 (autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness) on chromosome 13q11-12. In East Asia, there is a common mutation (235delC) of connexin 26 (GJB2) gene mutation, and a common GJB2 gene mutation (V37I) in Singapore and Malaysia with congenital deafness. No connexin 26 gene study was done in Indonesia. In this preliminary study, we analyzed 40 Indonesian patients with prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: To detect the common frameshift mutation (235delC) of connexin 26 (GJB2) gene in Indonesian patients by using the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in Makassar Indonesia were identified and genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral leukocyte blood of each subject. The important region for connexon-connexon interaction of GJB2 gene in the exon 2 was amplified by using PCR. RFLP analysis (ApaI enzyme) was performed to detect the 235delC mutation in all subjects. Result: The target fragment (722bp) of exon 2 in 40 subjects of prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss were amplified by using PCR method. No 235delC mutation of connexin 26 (GJB2) gene was identified in our RFLP (ApaI enzyme) analysis. Conclusion: No 235delC of connexin 26 (GJB2) gene mutation was found in our preliminary study in 40 Indonesian patients with prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss.

Background: Inherited hearing impairment affects about 1 in 1000 newborns. Up to 50 percent of all patients with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic prelingual deafness in many populations have mutations in the gene encoding the gap junction protein connexin 26 (GJB2) at locus DFNB1 (autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness) on chromosome 13q11-12. In East Asia, there is a common mutation (235delC) of connexin 26 (GJB2) gene mutation, and a common GJB2 gene mutation (V37I) in Singapore and Malaysia with congenital deafness. No connexin 26 gene study was done in Indonesia. In this preliminary study, we analyzed 40 Indonesian patients with prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: To detect the common frameshift mutation (235delC) of connexin 26 (GJB2) gene in Indonesian patients by using the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in Makassar Indonesia were identified and genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral leukocyte blood of each subject. The important region for connexon-connexon interaction of GJB2 gene in the exon 2 was amplified by using PCR. RFLP analysis (ApaI enzyme) was performed to detect the 235delC mutation in all subjects. Result: The target fragment (722bp) of exon 2 in 40 subjects of prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss were amplified by using PCR method. No 235delC mutation of connexin 26 (GJB2) gene was identified in our RFLP (ApaI enzyme) analysis. Conclusion: No 235delC of connexin 26 (GJB2) gene mutation was found in our preliminary study in 40 Indonesian patients with prelingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss.

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