Life history tactics of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) population of the Oir River (Normandy, France) were studied using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging data of five consecutive cohorts (5900 individuals) monitored between 1995 and 2002. Results demonstrate that (i) life history traits vary among cohorts, chiefly caused by environmental variability, (ii) juvenile growth, particularly second-year growth, plays an important role in the determination of the growing environment and trout exhibit variable migratory behaviour (from remaining in the natal brook to migrating in the sea) related to their juvenile growth rate, and (iii) the description of life history tactics (including juvenile growth, fine-scale migratory behaviour, and reproduction) can be clarified. Tactics are expressed along a continuum in time (age to reproduce) and space (distance of migration). Flexible life history tactics varying with juvenile growth is consistent with previous studies, but the use of empiric data on growth and migration from PIT tagging allows refining the description of life history tactics, taking into account their continuous distribution in time and space.Les tactiques d'histoire de vie de la population de truite commune (Salmo trutta) de l'Oir (Normandie, France) ont été étudiées par le marquage individuel à l'aide de « PIT tag » de cinq cohortes consécutives (5 900 individus) suivies de 1995 à 2002. Les résultats confirment et démontrent que (i) les traits d'histoire de vie varient entre les cohortes et que cette variabilité peut être reliée principalement aux fluctuations des conditions environnementales, (ii) la croissance juvénile, plus particulièrement celle de la seconde année de vie, est un facteur important dans la détermination de la zone de croissance et les truites possèdent des comportements migratoires variables, allant de la résidence stricte au ruisseau natal jusqu'à la migration en mer, que l'on peut relier à leur taux de croissance juvénile et (iii) la description des tactiques d'histoire de vie (en incluant la croissance juvénile, le comportement migratoire à fine échelle et la reproduction) peut être affinée, les tactiques se distribuant le long d'un continuum temporel (age de reproduction) et spatial (distance de migration). La flexibilité des tactiques d'histoire de vie et leurs liens avec la croissance juvéniles sont confirmés dans cette étude. Cependant l'utilisation de données empiriques sur la croissance et la migration issues du marquage individuel par PIT tag a permis d'améliorer la description des tactiques en prenant en compte leur distribution continue dans le temps et l'espace
Baglinière, J-L., Marchand, F., and Vauclin, V. 2005. Interannual changes in recruitment of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the River Oir (Lower Normandy, France): relationships with spawners and in-stream habitat. e ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62: 695e707.Since 1985, the dynamics of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the River Oir, a spawning tributary of the River Sélune (Lower Normandy, France), have been studied from a data set of parr density and the number and the age structure of migrating fish (smolts and adults). Parr densities (1.5e17.4 per 100 m 2 ) and smolt production (0.25e9.2 per 100 m 2 ) varied considerably from year to year. Migrating juveniles were mainly 1 year old. Abundance of parr and smolts was strongly correlated with 0C densities. Egg-to-smolt survival rates were highly variable year on year (0.044e1.07%). During the juvenile freshwater phase, mortality was highest between the egg and the 0C stage (97.5e99.9%). The fluctuations in abundance of juvenile salmon appear to be linked to the number and distribution of spawners within the stream during spawning, and also to the amount of silt deposition on the spawning beds. As a result, mortality was highest during the under-gravel phase, and the mean survival rate from egg to smolt was much lower than in rivers less impacted by human activities. Therefore, during the study period, the low production of smolts during some years might lead to a low renewal rate of the salmon population.
RÉSUMÉLa truite (Salmo trutta) présente deux formes écologiques « rivière » et « mer » qui cohabitent sur de nombreux fleuves du littoral Manche-Atlantique. Ces deux formes sont considérées comme formant un seul stock en raison de la production d'une forme à partir de l'autre et de leurs possibilités de croisement lorsqu'elles sont en sympatrie sur les zones de reproduction. L'étude réalisée montre l'existence de critères morphologiques fiables permettant une identification de ces deux formes au cours de leur cycle biologique. Chez le juvénile, la distinction est impossible au stade résident, mais est possible au stade migrant à partir du taux d'argenture qui est élevé pour la forme marine (groupe des smolts). Chez l'adulte, la distinction est rendue facile par l'analyse des critères de taille et de couleur mais doit être vérifiée par une étude scalimétrique. L identification de ces deux formes permet alors de mesurer leur niveau d'abondance et d'analyser leur évolution sur le long terme sur un même bassin.Mots-clés : stock, forme écologique, identification, truite, biométrie, morphologie. MORPHOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF TWO FORMS (RIVER, SEA) OF BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA) PRESENT IN THE SAME RIVER. ABSTRACTThe brown trout (Salmo trutta) is living under two forms, river and sea, in many rivers along the Atlantic and Channel coasts. These two forms are considered as coming from the same stock because each form can produces the other one and they can interbreed between them in sympatric spawning area. The present study showed there Article available at http://www.kmae-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2001056Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic. (2000)3571358:375-383 -376 -existed some morphological reliable criteria for the identification between the two forms during their biological cycle. In resident and migrating juvenile fish, the distinction was only possible at the migrating stage because of the higher silvering rate in sea form (smolt group) than in river form (parr group). In adult fish, the distinction is possible when size and color criteria were used but it had to check by a scale-reading method. Distinction between the two forms allows to measure the abundance level and their long-term evolution in the same river.
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