The effects of exogenous lactate and palmitate on the metabolism of rat soleus muscle were studied. In the presence of glucose and insulin, the addition of 8 mM lactate resulted in a decrease in the oxidation of both glucose and other substrates. Lactate accounted for 70% of the oxygen consumption under these conditions. Glycogen accumulation and the incorporation of exogenous palmitate into triglycerides were stimulated by lactate addition, whereas the utilization of exogenous glycerol was depressed. The addition of 1 mM palmitate in either the presence or absence of lactate resulted in an inhibition of both glycolysis and the utilization of exogenous glucose. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of lactate levels on recovery from exercise.

Polytrauma is associated with dramatic alterations in the phenotypic and activation profile of circulating lymphocytes which are generally independent of clinical course. In contrast, several lymphocyte soluble factors, including sCD4 and sIL-2R, paralleled the clinical course. These data provide new insight into lymphocyte responses after injury and suggest that further assessment of soluble factors as clinical correlates, including those related to lymphocyte activation or generalized inflammation, may be warranted.

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited. Here we describe a correlative study of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using global, local CBF and carotid flow measurements. The primary objective of this study was to establish a relationship between REG and CBF autoregulation. Rheoencephalography (REG), a rarely used method to measure CBF, is a potential tool of non-invasive continuous life sign monitoring and detection of early cerebrovascular alteration. However, the anatomical background of REG is not clearly understood. Two experimental studies were undertaken on anesthetized rats to define two CBF measurements: 1) C02 inhalation, and, 2) clamping of common carotid arteries. Measurement of CBF was taken with REG, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and carotid flow by Doppler ultrasound. Data were offline processed. During C02 inhalation, the increases in REG and LDF were significant (p = 0.0001), while carotid flow and systemic arterial pressure decreased. During carotid artery clamping, the decrease in REG and Doppler ultrasound were significant (p = 0.0001). Full abstract see in publication. Abstract Here we describe a correlative study of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using global, local CBF and carotid flow measurements. The primary objective of this study was to establish a relationship between REG and CBF autoregulation. Rheoencephalography (REG), a rarely used method to measure CBF, is a potential tool of non-invasive continuous life sign monitoring and detection of early cerebrovascular alteration. However, the anatomical background of REG is not clearly understood. Two experimental studies were undertaken on anesthetized rats to define two CBF measurements: (1) CO 2 inhalation, and, (2) clamping of common carotid arteries. Measurement of CBF was taken with REG, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and carotid flow by Doppler ultrasound. Data were off-line processed. During CO 2 inhalation, the increases in REG and LDF were significant (p = 0.0001), while carotid flow and systemic arterial pressure decreased. During carotid artery clamping, the decrease in REG and Doppler ultrasound was significant (p = 0.0001). REG showed cerebrovascular reactivity, indicating the relationship to arteriolar changes. Compared to LDF and carotid flow, only REG showed the classical CBF autoregulation. SUBJECT

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