Despite significant differences in political and administrative structures, recent reforms in urban domestic water tariff regimes in India and China have had similar trajectories with important but sometimes nuanced differences. In both countries, there has been a devolution of operational authority to municipal governments and acceptance of greater reliance on cost recovery through user fees. Reflecting this, there is considerable variation within each country in water tariffs, with cities in more water-short areas charging more than those with relatively abundant and accessible water resources. At the same time, authority over tariff setting remains largely outside the domain of the water agencies, and is highly political. One reflection of this is the infrequent adjustment of tariffs in both countries.
Traiter les émissions marines transfrontalières en Chine septentrionale constitue un problème d’envergure, vu la différence institutionnelle entre les styles de gouvernance à Hong Kong et les gouvernements chinois continentaux. Les décideurs de HK tirent parti des opportunités proposées par leur forme de gouvernance réticulaire pour prendre une avance quant au contrôle des émissions marines et portuaires. Leur tentative de créer un régime de régulation transfrontalier est contrecarré par le mode de gouvernement hiérarchisé chinois. L’analyse démontre que les actions des entrepreneurs politiques sont restées amplement conditionnées par quelques paramètres institutionnels majeurs.
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