Introdução: O câncer de esôfago está em sexto lugar entre as principais causas de neoplasia maligna do mundo, representando, portanto, um desafio na medicina. Objetivo: Caracterizar as internações e óbitos por neoplasia de esôfago no município de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, transversal, de delineamento quantitativo. Apresentou-se como universo de pesquisa a base de dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde referente à taxa de internações e óbitos por neoplasia de esôfago no município de Montes Claros, no período de 2008 a 2015. Utilizou-se o software Microsoft Office Excel 12.0 para gerenciamento e análise dos dados. Resultados: O total de internações e óbitos por câncer de esôfago no período analisado foi equivalente a 3.055 e 274, respectivamente, tendo o ano de 2014 o maior registro de internações e óbitos. O sexo masculino apresentou 82% das internações e 78,46% dos óbitos, a faixa etária mais prevalente entre 50 a 69 anos (59,67% e 58,03%), sendo a maioria dos atendimentos em caráter de urgência (92,93% e 89,78%) e em regime privado (98,99% e 98,17%). Conclusão: O câncer de esôfago está entre as principais neoplasias no mundo, sendo considerado um grave problema de saúde pública. Diante deste fato, pode-se questionar a ineficiência das políticas de saúde no controle dessa enfermidade.Palavras-chave: Neoplasia; esôfago; epidemiologia.Introduction: Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of malignant neoplasms in the world, representing therefore a challenge in medicine. Objective: To characterize the hospitalization and deaths due to esophageal cancer in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, transversal and quantitative study. The database of the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System was presented as the research universe referring to the hospitalization rate and the deaths due to esophageal cancer in the city of Montes Claros, from 2008 to 2015. We used Microsoft Office Excel 12.0 for data management and analysis. Results: The total number of hospitalizations and deaths from esophageal cancer during the study period was 3.055 and 274, respectively, and the year 2014 had the largest registry of admissions and deaths. Males presented 82% of admissions and 78.46% of deaths, with the most prevalent age group being between 50 and 69 years (59.67% and 58.03%) and the majority of assistances occurring on an emergency basis (92.93% and 89.78%) and in the private system (98.99% and 98.17%). Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is among the leading neoplasms in the world and is considered a serious public health problem. Given this fact, one can question the inefficiency of health policies in controlling this disease.
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